delete1
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Cosmonauts: Birth of the Space Age https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=1&v=CO9ADO_Gh4s The Soviet space program pioneered many aspects of space exploration: 1957: First intercontinental ballistic missile and orbital launch vehicle, the R-7 Semyorka 1957: First satellite, Sputnik 1 1957: First animal in Earth orbit, the dog Laika on Sputnik 2 1959: First rocket ignition in Earth orbit, first man-made object to escape Earth's gravity, Luna 1 1959: First data communications, or telemetry, to and from outer space, Luna 1. 1959: First man-made object to pass near the Moon, first man-made object in Heliocentric orbit, Luna 1 1959: First probe to impact the Moon, Luna 2 1959: First images of the moon's far side, Luna 3 1960: First animals to safely return from Earth orbit, the dogs Belka and Strelka on Sputnik 5. 1961: First probe launched to Venus, Venera 1 1961: First person in space (International definition) and in Earth orbit, Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1, Vostok programme 1961: First person to spend over 24 hours in space Gherman Titov, Vostok 2 (also first person to sleep in space). 1962: First dual manned spaceflight, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 1962: First probe launched to Mars, Mars 1 1963: First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6 1964: First multi-person crew, Voskhod 1 1965: First extra-vehicular activity (EVA), by Aleksei Leonov, Voskhod 2 1965: First probe to hit another planet of the Solar system (Venus), Venera 3 1966: First probe to make a soft landing on and transmit from the surface of the moon, Luna 9 1966: First probe in lunar orbit, Luna 10 1967: First unmanned rendezvous and docking, Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188. 1968: First living beings to reach the Moon (circumlunar flights) and return unharmed to Earth, Russian tortoises on Zond 5 1969: First docking between two manned craft in Earth orbit and exchange of crews, Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 1970: First soil samples automatically extracted and returned to Earth from another celestial body, Luna 16 1970: First robotic space rover, Lunokhod 1 on the Moon. 1970: First data received from the surface of another planet of the Solar system (Venus), Venera 7 1971: First space station, Salyut 1 1971: First probe to impact the surface of Mars, Mars 2 1971: First probe to land on Mars, Mars 3 1975: First probe to orbit Venus, to make soft landing on Venus, first photos from surface of Venus, Venera 9 1980: First Hispanic and Black person in space, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez on Soyuz 38 1984: First woman to walk in space, Svetlana Savitskaya (Salyut 7 space station) 1986: First crew to visit two separate space stations (Mir and Salyut 7) 1986: First probes to deploy robotic balloons into Venus atmosphere and to return pictures of a comet during close flyby Vega 1, Vega 2 1986: First permanently manned space station, Mir, 1986–2001, with permanent presence on board (1989–1999) 1987: First crew to spend over one year in space, Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov on board of Soyuz TM-4 - Mir
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