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What is ASB radar? - 2/10/2021 4:31:03 PM   
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Randy Stead
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In a recent post I saw a good suggestion, forget by whom, to put aircraft with ASW capabilities and equipped with ASV radar to put them on ASW patrols where you need them.

I understand that ASV is air-to-surface radar and is useful for detecting surface vessels, which obviously includes surfaced submarines. I have some aircraft like Hudsons and Catalinas equipped with ASV radar doing ASW patrols. I have them set to day operations, altitude 5,000'. Two questions: what is the best altitude for such patrols, and [logically this should be a yes] should I put some on night operations? Night time is a good time for diesel-electric boats to surface and recharge batteries. Another question: should I specialize which types of aircraft do these patrols or use whatever I can?

Now to the main point; what is ASB radar and how should I employ it? I did a forum search but did not find the information I seek. That is either because it is not here, or more likely, my search skills are lacking.

Thanks for any help offered. The IJN subs are really bugging me and I am developing quite the grudge toward them.
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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/10/2021 4:46:45 PM   
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RevRick
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The only thing I can find is a reference to airborne surface radar. I would tend to think that it would be to alert patrol aircraft to surface (or even surfaced) vessels afloat along the flight path.


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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/10/2021 4:50:07 PM   
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Radars improve the search capabilities, and increase the Detection Level of enemy units. DL on enemies in its turn improves the performance of your units.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/10/2021 5:04:42 PM   
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Trugrit
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http://www.pwencycl.kgbudge.com/A/s/ASB_airborne_radar.htm





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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/10/2021 5:06:26 PM   
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RhinoDad
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Not sure if this helps at all but an old thread I had marked.Airborne Radar

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/10/2021 5:54:56 PM   
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Randy Stead
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Thanks, Trugrit and RhinoDad.

If I am reading this correctly, the different nomenclature mostly refers to airborne to surface search radar. I'm not expecting WW2 radar to be a weapons guidance system, but more of a "Hey, look at that thing on the surface there!" kind of thing, pointing out to the searching plane that there is something there which he must fly to in order to get eyeballs on it. Once he has eyeballs on it, he may report it and attack it if he desires.

I don't expect night attacks by radar-equipped aircraft to be magical, but to at least give the pilot a chance, however slim, of detecting a surfaced sub or a task force that was otherwise not detected. Various other factors will determine if an attack is made, mainly visibility conditions at the time of detection and possible attack.

I've assigned various patrol aircraft units with radar to both day and night ASW patrols around the most bothersome sub reports. This will now become a sort of long running experiment.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 12:24:43 AM   
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Ian R
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quote:

ORIGINAL: Randy Stead
I'm not expecting WW2 radar to be a weapons guidance system,


Well, you should

Radar plotting was used (and CXAM was trialed as early as 1939 on the USS New York) to "guide" naval artillery shells in surface actions, and, was quickley developed and improved. By mid-war (1942-3), good operators could pick which shell splash returns came from which calibre weapons.

A series of radar bomb aiming tools (calling them precision sights is a bit much) such as H2S, H2X, Oboe, AN/APQ-7 and -13 were in service in the later war years. The APQ-7A, which direct-linked the radar returns to the Norden bombsight, arrived right at the end of the war.

Radars were also used to direct AAA Fire ( GL Mk. III, SC-584). By the end of the war they were working on small radar sets clipped right onto the 40mm Bofors on STAAG mountings that could "lock on" a target. (Eventually they moved that radar to a remote site where it was protected from the weather).

And, most importantly of all, there is also the VT proximity fuze, which is in essence a radar device.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 12:58:07 AM   
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RangerJoe
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A Fire for Effect Mission on troops in the open: White Phosphorus shells with VT fuses!

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 1:17:13 AM   
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Randy Stead
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I should have made my point more precisely; I meant in the sense that the bombs released by ASW planes would be self-guiding ordnance like the modern day whizbangs.
I knew that gun laying radar was used on Bismarck, for example, but did not know that skilled operators could distinguish shell splashes. Thanks, Ian.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 4:12:06 AM   
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BBfanboy
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What is also implicit in the airborne radar suite is ESM - Electronic Signals Measurement. The game models a greater chance of detecting enemy transmissions if you have a patrol aircraft with radar in the general area (as opposed to just tying to triangulate from shore stations). The ops report will often include info about Cats reporting signals.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 5:19:10 AM   
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spence
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The Mark 24 mine (also known as FIDO or Fido) is an air-dropped anti-submarine warfare weapon (ASW) incorporating passive acoustic homing system and torpedo integration. It was used by the United States, the British and Canadian forces during the Second World War and entered service in March 1943 and remained in use with the US Navy until 1948. Approximately 4,000 torpedoes were produced, with 340 ultimately being deployed during the war. 204 torpedoes were launched against submarine targets, with 37 Axis submarines being sunk and a further 18 damaged. The deceptive name of "Mark 24 Mine" was deliberately chosen for security purposes, to conceal the true nature of the weapon. On 14 May 1943 a Catalina of the US Navy attacked and destroyed a U-boat; this was either U-657[3] or U-640.[4] On 13 May an RAF Coastal Command Liberator B/86 had attacked a U-boat with a FIDO, but this vessel, U-456,[5] was only damaged, sinking the following day from damage received. One of these vessels was the first U-boat sinking achieved using FIDO. During its career, the torpedo sank a total of 37 submarines, achieving an effectiveness of about 18%, compared with 9.5% for aircraft launched depth charges.[2]:37

from US Navy OEG Study No. 289, 12 August 1946 provides the following data related to Mark 24 effectiveness:
Number of attacks in which Mark 24s were launched 264
Total number of Mark 24 torpedoes launched - all targets 340
Number of Mark 24s launched against submarines 204
Number of Mark 24 attacks on submarines by US aircraft 142
Number of Mark 24 attacks by Allied (primarily British) aircraft 62
Number of German U-boats sunk by FIDO 31
Number of German U-boats damaged by FIDO 15
Number of Japanese submarines sunk by FIDO 6
Number of Japanese submarines damaged by FIDO 3
Total number of submarines sunk by FIDO (German & Japanese) 37
Total number of submarines damaged 18

Not sure what other targets were attacked when a FIDO torpedo was used nor how successful those attacks were. The difference in apparent effectiveness between German and Japanese submarines is explicable in that the Pacific was much larger than the Atlantic and also lacked the "chokepoints" in which many of the German submarines were sunk/damaged (in general the statistics are in line with the total number of Japanese submarines sunk/damaged by aircraft alone).

I don't believe the Mark 24 'mine' is included among the weapons which can be deployed on ASW aircraft in AE.

< Message edited by spence -- 2/11/2021 5:30:04 AM >

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 9:14:38 AM   
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Ian R
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quote:

ORIGINAL: Randy Stead

I should have made my point more precisely; I meant in the sense that the bombs released by ASW planes would be self-guiding ordnance like the modern day whizbangs.
I knew that gun laying radar was used on Bismarck, for example, but did not know that skilled operators could distinguish shell splashes. Thanks, Ian.


Being more precise is a double edged sword Randy, especially when dealing with a forum full of grumpy old men.

And, as an example - my mod has the Mk24 FIDO homing torpedo

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 9:24:59 AM   
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Ian R
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quote:

ORIGINAL: RangerJoe

A Fire for Effect Mission on troops in the open: White Phosphorus shells with VT fuses!


The funny thing is, the Brits put an order in for 20,000 "miniature" (for the 1930s) hearing aid tubes in the US to use in developing a proximity fuze. The US formed a board to work out what WTF they were doing with them - which correctly identified the purpose. They should have just waited for the Tizard mission to hand the whole project over to them in late 1940.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 9:27:59 AM   
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I’ll quote section 10.1 (Detection Level) of the Manual, first phrase of the last paragraph before sub-section 10.1.1 (p.218) : « The greater the DL the easier it is to inflict damage on the enemy in combat. » It has been said numerous times that radars only increase the DL, but won’t magically make your planes find the targets if you don’t have searches ongoing. Therefore, range finding and targeting through radar can be said to be in the game, but abstracted through the mechanic of DL, and some of it is also included in the form of hard-coded improvements to AAA efficiency later in the war.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 12:17:50 PM   
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quote:

ORIGINAL: Ambassador

I’ll quote section 10.1 (Detection Level) of the Manual, first phrase of the last paragraph before sub-section 10.1.1 (p.218) : « The greater the DL the easier it is to inflict damage on the enemy in combat. » It has been said numerous times that radars only increase the DL, but won’t magically make your planes find the targets if you don’t have searches ongoing. Therefore, range finding and targeting through radar can be said to be in the game, but abstracted through the mechanic of DL, and some of it is also included in the form of hard-coded improvements to AAA efficiency later in the war.

For ship targets, increasing the DL can also result in a reaction from your patrolling TFs in the area - directly leading to combat. The proven method for hunting subs off your coast is to have patrol aircraft on Nav Search spot them, ASW aircraft localize the contact still more and attack to damage or sink them, and ASW ships to make sure they don't get away. Many a sub kill is made because previous damage rendered it incapable of submerging. This shows up as a surface combat between warships and the sub where the sub is caught on the surface and never tries to dive before being destroyed.

And for new players, discussion of ASW vessels on patrol reacting to subs reached the consensus that the ASW TF will react into the next hex if the sub has a high enough DL, but there is no automatic attack with the react - the ASW TF still has to be lucky enough to find the sub in the 40nm wide hex. And more than one react of one hex can occur in the turn so if the sub moves at the same time as the ASW TF is reacting into the original hex, there is a chance that the ASW TF will have enough DL on it to react again. One player showed about six reacts in the same turn - corresponding with a sub at max speed of 20 knots running away.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 12:37:31 PM   
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Ian R
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Key points-

1 - Air search coverage forces SS to submerge. ASW TFs vectored by air search prosecute and kill contacts. This works particularly well in zones off major ports, but is true everywhere.

2- Putting escorts on cargo TFs means the SS come to them, they don't have to find them. This, along with air search coverage over your convoy routes, works well in the wide open oceans.

3 - At the very least air search forces the subs to dive, and then they can't find your merchantmen, while the ASW TFs sit on them. You can, theoretically, nullify the enemy SS force without sinking a single one for the whole war.

The key to all of this is the VLR Liberator. It goes by several names - LB-30, Liberator GR VIII, PB4Y, Privateer. Try not to misuse them.



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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 3:41:19 PM   
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Air ASW alone will not often sink a submarine, but once it’s damaged and returns to base, the threat it represents is over for possibly several months.

quote:

ORIGINAL: BBfanboy


quote:

ORIGINAL: Ambassador

I’ll quote section 10.1 (Detection Level) of the Manual, first phrase of the last paragraph before sub-section 10.1.1 (p.218) : « The greater the DL the easier it is to inflict damage on the enemy in combat. » It has been said numerous times that radars only increase the DL, but won’t magically make your planes find the targets if you don’t have searches ongoing. Therefore, range finding and targeting through radar can be said to be in the game, but abstracted through the mechanic of DL, and some of it is also included in the form of hard-coded improvements to AAA efficiency later in the war.

For ship targets, increasing the DL can also result in a reaction from your patrolling TFs in the area - directly leading to combat. The proven method for hunting subs off your coast is to have patrol aircraft on Nav Search spot them, ASW aircraft localize the contact still more and attack to damage or sink them, and ASW ships to make sure they don't get away. Many a sub kill is made because previous damage rendered it incapable of submerging. This shows up as a surface combat between warships and the sub where the sub is caught on the surface and never tries to dive before being destroyed.

And NavSearch may be conducted day & night, with the more squadrons, the better. DL is reset to 0 in every phase, with MDL halved, so to keep a high DL for the combat portions, you need several « search hits » to keep it high. Just having enough planes to cover each arc once is not enough.

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RE: What is ASB radar? - 2/11/2021 5:50:21 PM   
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ITAKLinus
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quote:

ORIGINAL: Ambassador

Air ASW alone will not often sink a submarine, but once it’s damaged and returns to base, the threat it represents is over for possibly several months.

quote:

ORIGINAL: BBfanboy


quote:

ORIGINAL: Ambassador

I’ll quote section 10.1 (Detection Level) of the Manual, first phrase of the last paragraph before sub-section 10.1.1 (p.218) : « The greater the DL the easier it is to inflict damage on the enemy in combat. » It has been said numerous times that radars only increase the DL, but won’t magically make your planes find the targets if you don’t have searches ongoing. Therefore, range finding and targeting through radar can be said to be in the game, but abstracted through the mechanic of DL, and some of it is also included in the form of hard-coded improvements to AAA efficiency later in the war.

For ship targets, increasing the DL can also result in a reaction from your patrolling TFs in the area - directly leading to combat. The proven method for hunting subs off your coast is to have patrol aircraft on Nav Search spot them, ASW aircraft localize the contact still more and attack to damage or sink them, and ASW ships to make sure they don't get away. Many a sub kill is made because previous damage rendered it incapable of submerging. This shows up as a surface combat between warships and the sub where the sub is caught on the surface and never tries to dive before being destroyed.

And NavSearch may be conducted day & night, with the more squadrons, the better. DL is reset to 0 in every phase, with MDL halved, so to keep a high DL for the combat portions, you need several « search hits » to keep it high. Just having enough planes to cover each arc once is not enough.


I especially stress the importance of night NavS. I found it essential in order to reduce subs effectiveness and to increase the kills against them.

It's often overlooked or forgotten.

Individually, I like to divide groups so that each component can perform a task (night NavS, day NavS and ASW). The halved range of ASW mission must be considered, though.

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