Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (Full Version)

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istari6 -> Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/14/2014 6:55:36 PM)

I've read comments from the dev team mentioning they've modeled the equipment in the game as closely as possible on available data. Unlike other recent Cold War games like Wargame: Red Dragon, there (thankfully) hasn't been any "nerfing" of stats for game balance.

Given these stats are as close to real-world values as possible, I've been surprised by some of the numbers, and wanted to ask the community a few questions about the MBTs in the game. These "surprises" are undoubtedly due to my ignorance, but this is a great opportunity to learn more about Cold War equipment :).

- Leopard 2A4: The M1 Abrams evolved from frontal armor of 27, to 33 in the M1A1 to 41 in the M1A1(HA) using depleted uranium inserts. The cost for this improved protection was in the M1's speed, declining from75 kph to 66 kph as it was weighed down with heavier armor. I was thus surprised to see that the Leopard 2A4 also has a frontal armor of 41, while maintaining a 78 kph speed. I didn't think the Leopard 2A4 had DU armor - how did the Germans technically achieve such a robust armor protection while also maintaining the blistering speed?

- Challenger I - my first chance to lead the Challenger was in "Rhino", where I was surprised at how poorly the Challenger did versus the T-80BV, often exchanging at a ~1:1 ratio. Now much of that was undoubtedly due to my particular tactical failings, but when I examined the stats, was surprised to see that the vaunted Challenger I's 120mm rifled cannon only achieves a 29 AP penetration. Was this because the British didn't develop DU penetrators? Was there some other failing of the 120mm rifled cannon vs the smoothbores of the US, Germans and Soviets?

- T-80BV - in my earlier readings about the Cold War, I'd understood that Soviet tank ammunition was often technically behind NATO because of the need to supply it to a such a huge tank fleet. Thus they would use cheaper materials like tungsten rather than DU. I thus had an unpleasant surprise in fighting the T-80BV with a 38 AP, achieving the same power as the latest M1A1s and Leopard 2s. I thought this might be a rare experimental "silver bullet" I hadn't heard about. Then I found the T-72Bs, T-64BVs, T-72AVs also had the 38 AP capability, so it was fairly widespread. Did the Soviets develop DU penetrators and have them in widespread distribution by 1989? How else did they achieve such impressive penetration capability?

- T-80U - one model (the base T-80U) has a dazzling 81 kph top speed while also achieving frontal protection greater than the M1A1(HA) (42 vs 41). However, the T-80 [m] adds only the AT-11 Sniper, but slows down to 69 kph. Why would the addition of the ATGM system drop the top speed so much?

- BMP-1/2 - in other Cold War games I've played, the BMP 1s AT-3 and BMP-2s AT-4 or AT-5s have often been a real challenge for NATO. If BMPs get established, they can form an "instant" AT screen that makes counterattacking difficult, even if the latest NATO tanks can shed most of the rounds via Chobham armor, they often take damage, and the Bradleys, M113s, Marders, Warriors and others are forced to stay low. Yet many of the BMPs in FPRS don't carry ATGMs at all. There seem to be several models, some with ATGMs, most without. Thus the ATGM capability of the BMP has played very little role in my battles to date. Is this an accurate reflection of the Soviet Army of the time? They couldn't afford to mount ATGMs on all their IFVs? This is a game mechanic to limit their impact somewhat given real-world technical problems with the ATGMs?

Finally, what is the unit in which these various numbers are calibrated? Is there any real-world scaling of a Frontal value of 33 vs 41? When the AT-11 Sniper has a 47 HEAT penetration, is that a scaled # based on mm penetration from real-world data? How were these numbers developed?

Thanks for any information - love using these games to learn more about one of my favorite subjects :).

Chris

P.S. Just saw the news about Player's Edition on the 21st. Huzzah! Really appreciate the dev team for continuing to support FPRS so strongly. I'll be purchasing Southern Storm as soon as it's available, because while I have high hopes it'll also be a great game, even if it fails somehow, I'm happy to support this team in general. This kind of postrelease game support does really secure future sales, at least from this customer :>.









Tazak -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/14/2014 7:09:27 PM)


quote:

ORIGINAL: istari6
- Challenger I - my first chance to lead the Challenger was in "Rhino", where I was surprised at how poorly the Challenger did versus the T-80BV, often exchanging at a ~1:1 ratio. Now much of that was undoubtedly due to my particular tactical failings, but when I examined the stats, was surprised to see that the vaunted Challenger I's 120mm rifled cannon only achieves a 29 AP penetration. Was this because the British didn't develop DU penetrators? Was there some other failing of the 120mm rifled cannon vs the smoothbores of the US, Germans and Soviets?





Tazak -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/14/2014 7:11:54 PM)

damn forum error preventing me editing, anyway first brit DU round on general issue was the first gulf war in '91, up till the hurried development was completed, the basic ammo load was mainly HEAT/HESH/APDSFS mix




Tazak -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/14/2014 7:14:15 PM)

damn error, but go look at the chieftain Mk5 vs the M60/Leopard1/A4, it used nearly the same barrel and ammo back in '79




CapnDarwin -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/14/2014 8:54:31 PM)

Tazak our UK forum subject expert hits that on the head. The UK 120mm gun is a rifled barrel. While this helps with accuracy some with the spin you pay a price in velocity and Pen capability. The US switches from the 105mm in the M1 to the West German 120mm smoothbore and also does some fancy ammo work with long rod APDS.

As for Armor differences, Both the UK and US started using Chobham based armor and then added DU plates to that mix. The West Germans went with their own composite blend in the Leo2s. Soviets went big with laminate armor, applique plates, and then reactive armor to deal with both HEAT and long rod AP round.

As for speeds I'll spend some time this weekend checking those out. I can fat finger data with the best of them. [:D]




TonyAAA -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/14/2014 11:58:05 PM)

^ I don't think it has anything to do with the fact its barrel is rifled, rather the Challenger uses 2 piece ammo (separate propellent charge) that limits the maximum penetrator rod length to approx 1/2 that of Leopard/Abrams AP rounds.




Mad Russian -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/15/2014 12:35:06 AM)

quote:

ORIGINAL: istari6

- Leopard 2A4: The M1 Abrams evolved from frontal armor of 27, to 33 in the M1A1 to 41 in the M1A1(HA) using depleted uranium inserts. The cost for this improved protection was in the M1's speed, declining from75 kph to 66 kph as it was weighed down with heavier armor. I was thus surprised to see that the Leopard 2A4 also has a frontal armor of 41, while maintaining a 78 kph speed. I didn't think the Leopard 2A4 had DU armor - how did the Germans technically achieve such a robust armor protection while also maintaining the blistering speed?


The Leo2 uses composite armor. Much like the British Challenger. Notice that the sides of the Leo2 are flat or what is known as slab sided. They aren't angled. That's because composite armor is/was hard to mold to anything other than a flat surface. This goes back to the thread we have about ATGM's and what to do to protect a tank from them. The composite armor is specifically designed to defeat shaped charge warheads.

quote:


- Challenger I - my first chance to lead the Challenger was in "Rhino", where I was surprised at how poorly the Challenger did versus the T-80BV, often exchanging at a ~1:1 ratio. Now much of that was undoubtedly due to my particular tactical failings, but when I examined the stats, was surprised to see that the vaunted Challenger I's 120mm rifled cannon only achieves a 29 AP penetration. Was this because the British didn't develop DU penetrators? Was there some other failing of the 120mm rifled cannon vs the smoothbores of the US, Germans and Soviets?


Rifled vs smoothbore guns. Smooth bore are less accurate but have a higher penetration value per caliber.


quote:


- T-80BV - in my earlier readings about the Cold War, I'd understood that Soviet tank ammunition was often technically behind NATO because of the need to supply it to a such a huge tank fleet. Thus they would use cheaper materials like tungsten rather than DU. I thus had an unpleasant surprise in fighting the T-80BV with a 38 AP, achieving the same power as the latest M1A1s and Leopard 2s. I thought this might be a rare experimental "silver bullet" I hadn't heard about. Then I found the T-72Bs, T-64BVs, T-72AVs also had the 38 AP capability, so it was fairly widespread. Did the Soviets develop DU penetrators and have them in widespread distribution by 1989? How else did they achieve such impressive penetration capability?


Look at the difference in ranges. The NATO tanks hit that hard out for much longer ranges. If only because they can hit a target at much longer ranges. The last thing you want to do as a NATO tank commander is let the Soviets get close to you. Their ammunition will destroy NATO tanks if they are close enough.


quote:


- T-80U - one model (the base T-80U) has a dazzling 81 kph top speed while also achieving frontal protection greater than the M1A1(HA) (42 vs 41). However, the T-80 [m] adds only the AT-11 Sniper, but slows down to 69 kph. Why would the addition of the ATGM system drop the top speed so much?


The T-80's have various models of ERA. (E)xplosive (R)eactive (A)rmor. It's light weight and again goes back to the ATGM discussion of what to expect from ATGM hits. Some ERA, like Kontakt 5 also adds protection vs AP penetrating rods. There are times when the engine powerplants are changed as well. I'll let CD answer the difference in speed between the two in game terms.


quote:


- BMP-1/2 - in other Cold War games I've played, the BMP 1s AT-3 and BMP-2s AT-4 or AT-5s have often been a real challenge for NATO. If BMPs get established, they can form an "instant" AT screen that makes counterattacking difficult, even if the latest NATO tanks can shed most of the rounds via Chobham armor, they often take damage, and the Bradleys, M113s, Marders, Warriors and others are forced to stay low. Yet many of the BMPs in FPRS don't carry ATGMs at all. There seem to be several models, some with ATGMs, most without. Thus the ATGM capability of the BMP has played very little role in my battles to date. Is this an accurate reflection of the Soviet Army of the time? They couldn't afford to mount ATGMs on all their IFVs? This is a game mechanic to limit their impact somewhat given real-world technical problems with the ATGMs?


IFV's and especially Soviet IFV's are very susceptible to having fired their ATGM's. To show this there are 2 versions in the game. Those with and those without ATGMs at the start of the battle. The scenario designer can then choose which version he wants to add to the battle.

quote:


Finally, what is the unit in which these various numbers are calibrated? Is there any real-world scaling of a Frontal value of 33 vs 41? When the AT-11 Sniper has a 47 HEAT penetration, is that a scaled # based on mm penetration from real-world data? How were these numbers developed?

Thanks for any information - love using these games to learn more about one of my favorite subjects :).

Chris


Again, that's CD's area of expertise.

quote:


P.S. Just saw the news about Player's Edition on the 21st. Huzzah! Really appreciate the dev team for continuing to support FPRS so strongly. I'll be purchasing Southern Storm as soon as it's available, because while I have high hopes it'll also be a great game, even if it fails somehow, I'm happy to support this team in general. This kind of postrelease game support does really secure future sales, at least from this customer :>.



We appreciate your comments about the game and your support of our efforts. We will do our best to incorporate the changes to the game and continue to make it as good as it can get.

Good Hunting.

MR




istari6 -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/15/2014 5:28:20 PM)

Tazak & CD - thanks. I hadn't realized that British tank penetration capability basically was static for an entire decade (1979-1989+). It seems they started the 1980s with among the best penetration capabilities in any army, but (being unable to benefit from German & American research on smoothbores) failed to keep up until after the Cold War ended.

I remember hearing that the Germans didn't use DU plates in their design, and that's why I was surprised that they were able to achieve the same protection as the American Abrams without paying the weight penalty. I'd always assumed that Leopard 2 didn't see quite the same armor increases over the 1980s as the Abrams, preserving its speed but perhaps being slightly less protected than the M1A1(HA). Interesting to know that they managed to get the best of both worlds with their unique approach. Leopard 2 is an impressive tank, no question.




istari6 -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/15/2014 5:36:18 PM)


quote:

ORIGINAL: Mad Russian
The Leo2 uses composite armor. Much like the British Challenger. Notice that the sides of the Leo2 are flat or what is known as slab sided. They aren't angled. That's because composite armor is/was hard to mold to anything other than a flat surface. This goes back to the thread we have about ATGM's and what to do to protect a tank from them. The composite armor is specifically designed to defeat shaped charge warheads.


Do you mean curved? Abrams, Leopard, Challenger 1 and 2 are all slab-sided, but Abrams is angled vertically while Leopard 2 is 90 deg vertical, right? I would have thought that would give some edge to Abrams protection from head-on shot (much as T-34 had advantage vs Pz IV).

quote:


Look at the difference in ranges. The NATO tanks hit that hard out for much longer ranges. If only because they can hit a target at much longer ranges. The last thing you want to do as a NATO tank commander is let the Soviets get close to you. Their ammunition will destroy NATO tanks if they are close enough.


Where is that information stored? All I can see from the Subunit inspector is the base AP rating, not accuracy, nor how that penetration varies vs range.

quote:


IFV's and especially Soviet IFV's are very susceptible to having fired their ATGM's. To show this there are 2 versions in the game. Those with and those without ATGMs at the start of the battle. The scenario designer can then choose which version he wants to add to the battle.


So this is modeling that the BMPs would have already fired their ATGMs upon arriving in battle? Thus it's assumed that all BMPs would have gone into the war with ATGMs, but many would arrive at the actual battle having already fired their missile? Why is this true for BMPs and not for Bradleys, Marders etc? Just curious what makes BMPs particularly prone to showing up having already "shot their bolt" - did they not carry any other ATGMs reloads on-board? Is this modeling logistical difficulties for the Soviets as they advanced deeper into Germany?

quote:


We appreciate your comments about the game and your support of our efforts. We will do our best to incorporate the changes to the game and continue to make it as good as it can get.


And I appreciate the team's quick responsiveness to various questions and suggestions. Cheers!

Chris




IronMikeGolf -> RE: Questions on Equipment: Leopard, Abrams, Chally, T-80BV... (11/16/2014 2:05:58 AM)

Istari, you should have a look at the data spreadsheets to see all the data for units. A lot of stuff in there that does not show in the SUI.

As to BMP's without ATGMs, one thing to consider is the Soviet doctrine of the era. The first echelon units were tasked to attack until combat ineffective. The emphasis was on creating and maintaining a battle tempo that gained ground as quickly as possible. Pausing to rearm ATGMs would give NATO commanders precious time to reorganize themselvs and to move reinforcing units from outlying kasernes to the line of contact. In some cases, we were looking at hundreds of kilometers. In that kind of situation, a couple of hours to push supply forward and distribute it makes a huge difference to the operational tempo.

So, if you consider this the following attack of a Soviet formation, it can make sense that the BMPs have no missiles. If you want to model that resupply of thise will not be possible until after the time span of the scenario, then you can use BMPs that don't have ATGM capability. When designing scenarios, you can specify some like a tank unit has shot all of its armor piercing ammo or the IFVs have shot all their missile. You can only set a overall ammo level.





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