Director
Posts: 10
Joined: 12/8/2006 From: Mobile, AL Status: offline
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The shock for the North was that Shiloh produced more casualties than the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican American War and the Indian Wars to date... COMBINED. That was why Grant received so much bad press ('butcher', 'drunkard' - neither strictly true) and lost command of the army for so long. In the East you had a small area and a high force-to-area co-efficient, plus good commanders on the Confederate side. The terrain is suited for defense. In the West you had wide spaces and room for manuever versus the need for large armies of occupation against guerillas. In the East the Confederates had commanders who knew how to fight and win; in the West the Union developed commanders who knew how to fight and win. Overall, the Union wound up with better commanders and won the great majority of the important battles. As the Union penetrated into the South, the loss of resources began to tell (Tennessee iron, saltpeter, lead and locomotive shops, New Orleans population, wealth, machine shops, etc). Plus, as territory was lost the Southern armies began to have high absentee/desertion rates; by the end of the war the soldiers were voting with their feet and going home to their families. It was no small thing to occupy (or defend) a territory roughly the size of western Europe. It is farther from St Louis MO to New Orleans (680 mi) than from Paris to Berlin (545 mi) and almost as far from Memphis to Richmond (850 mi) as Berlin to Moscow (1000 mi). As a previous poster pointed out, that's a lot of area to secure.
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