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- 4/3/2002 3:44:29 AM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]"It is unlikely that the USN could similarly disrupt the IJN battleline due the relatively short range and unreliabilty of the US torps."

The disruption and significant damage to the IJN battleline is quite likely and results directly from the lopsided (in favor of the US) number of heavy shells falling on the IJN battle line at long range.

Japan's chances improve if the action can be made to occur at close range and at night, but the DBS still requires that the USN play by the IJN's script. If the USN refuses to commit the main battle line at night (which they'd be reluctant to do, because visual ranging is much easier in daylight and the USN has the advantage by virtue of the number of heavy guns -- so why would they throw away such an obvious advantage for the much riskier and less controllable prospect of a night engagement), then DBS does not have a prayer of working.

If the Japanese CA battle line attempts to close at night I see them running into the USN DD/CA battle line while the USN BBs refuse. If the combat is a meeting engagement with prepared, alerted forces, something like 1st Guadalcanal results (lots of badly damaged ships all around) with neither side's CA/DD elements in a strong position to carry on the fight the next day.

Hey, here's a better way maybe to make the DBS work. Let the main battle lines slug it out in a meeting engagement at daylight. The IJN BB line gets crushed, the USN BB battle line gets badly hurt. *Then* the IJN rushes in with the CA-DD elements and mops up what it can.

"Putting the entire US cruiser force out of action. [at 1st Guadalcanal]"

Yeah. Both of them [damaged.] In exchange for a CB [sunk]. I'd call that an Allied strategic victory and a tactical victory since the Japanese mission was thwarted and they lost alot of tonnage in the process.

And yes. I do think that discounting battles that do not meet the assumptions of the DBS is a trivial reduction of the historical evidence. It reduces to the statement that "Japan successfully implements the DBS if they successfully implement the DBS." Discounting these battles allows one to pretend that the Japanese assumption that the US will engage when, where and how the Japanese want them to, and that IJN equipment will work as hoped-for, are correct. It's similar to the Japanese war-games before Midway. We'll pretend that the USN carries won't ambush us at Midway because that's not what we want or expect them to do.

"When you start going back and start to fiddle around with things such as unhistorical bugetary retraints; ship building capacities and priorities; tactical doctrines and training. The scenerio starts to loose pluasibility and hence credibility. It may be fun but it would not be realistic. IMHO"

I haven't posited anything ahistorical or incredible. The F4 was in design in 1939. The US production capacity was available. US Industry was way over capacity and underused. Regardless of the year that the war starts, you get the US historical production superiority over Japan. The budgets automatically get changed the moment you posit the existence of a war between Japan and the US. So yes, indeedy, you get F4s on most of the US flat-tops in 1940 if you start the war in 1939.

What really stretches credulity is the assumption that US production and budgets for same would *not* increase in response to a war, or that ship production schedules in the US would *not* be advanced in response to a war. Or the fulfillment of the Japanese desire for a series of set piece engagements all occur under conditions favorable to Japan with results that favor Japan. Or the assumption that Japan gets a war without attacking anything (your non-invasion scenario). Or the USN rushing willy-nilly into a set of engagements when the historical oil-embargo can simply be allowed to radically deteriorate Japan's war making potential while US potential simultaneously grows. Embargoeing Japan and letting their economy collapse is, after all, just the old "Anaconda Strategy" resurrected for a new place and time. [/B][/QUOTE]

Mdiehl

Again you seem to be losing site of the context of the discussion.regarding the DBS. We are not really discussing if the Decisive Surface Battle "COULD" or "WOULD" happen. We are discussing if the two combined fleets "DID" meet on the open seas to do battle . What "MIGHT" have happened. In this context the possibility of ships being engaged in shore bombardment and escort duty is irrevelent to the subject.

Of course when the war starts. the US could just sit back a year or two, wait for superior production capacity to come into play and just overwelm Japan. Again this totally irrelavant to the discussion. We are talking about fighting a battle with the weapons on hand.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 151
- 4/3/2002 3:51:36 AM   
mdiehl

 

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"In this context the possibility of ships being engaged in shore bombardment and escort duty is irrevelent to the subject."

Well, inasmuch as the Type 93a torpedo and all other torpedoes are ineffective at shore bombardment, the failure of the Type 93a (and other torpedoes) to achieve the expected results in the engagements that you have dismissed are highly relevant to your 1-battle-in-a-bathtub-winner-takes-all scenario.

I'll allow that a Jutland type single-battle engagement would be fun to try out, even if I don't buy your assumption that the Japanese torpedoes would have been more effective than they were. (I find that no more plausible than SJ radar throughout the Pacific fleet in 1941.) You might try AP's "War Plan Orange" and one of those PBEM utilities like cyberboard. The scenario you envision is probably gameable right now without waiting for WitP.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 152
- 4/3/2002 4:07:59 AM   
Jeremy Pritchard

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]"In this context the possibility of ships being engaged in shore bombardment and escort duty is irrevelent to the subject."

Well, inasmuch as the Type 93a torpedo and all other torpedoes are ineffective at shore bombardment, the failure of the Type 93a (and other torpedoes) to achieve the expected results in the engagements that you have dismissed are highly relevant to your 1-battle-in-a-bathtub-winner-takes-all scenario. [/B][/QUOTE]

Basically, the Battleship Admirals of both fleets had this in plan, a decisive battle. It never really happened in WW2, as attrition took place, and Midway was decisive only in changing the initiative of the war (not an immediate war winner).

I do not think that a war in 1940 would have resulted in drastically different tactics then a war in 1941. Sure, the acts of the Carrier would be less influential (due to the lack of British experience in the Medeterranean for the US and IJN to follow). However, had the US Pacific battlefleet NOT have been put out of action in 1941 I do not think that the USN would have tried a decisive fleet action. When Atlantic battleships were brought in, in early 1942, and you add the slightly damaged battleships at Pearl Harbour that were quickly repaired (Tennesse, Maryland, Pennsylvania) the US Pacific Fleet was almost to 1941 size, yet, it was kept out of action and they did not try a major fleet engagement.

The main reason why this would not happen in 1940 (and did not in 1941/42) is because what would the fleet have done had it sailed out to the middle of the Pacific? Guam and Wake Island were NOT major bases that a battlefleet could work from. The Fleet would have to rely on a train of Oilers, plus be in the middle of Japanese territory (the IJNAF still had G3M and G4M bombers in 1940!). It would take a while for a US Army relief convoy to be put together for the Philippines, and without a reason to sail there, the Pacific Fleet could only act on the Japanese Periphery (South Pacific). Prettymuch the war would have progressed as in 1941, except aircraft types would be not 'quite' as efficient (since most will be starting off with A5M/Ki-27/P-26/F3F/F2A instead of A6M/Ki-43/F4F/Hurricane). Aircraft design would not have been sped up much (you will not be seeing 1945 designed aircraft in 1943 because the war started sooner).

Not only would there be less Japanese LCU's and Air Groups in the Pacific Operations, the Allied LCU's and Air Groups would be in even poorer condition (major Allied reinforcement of the Pacific did not take place until middle of 1941).


Why would there be war in 1940?

June 1940, Italy joins the war and France signs and armistice. As a part of the Armistice France gives Northern Indo-China to the Japanese. In Mid 1941 Japan occupies the southern half, this is what triggers US embargos.

What if...

1. In June 1940, along with Italy, Japan declares war on the weakened Allies (France on the brink of defeat and England's focus is on defending their home island). The US sees this as a threat to the Philippine Islands and declares war (or is declared war on by Japan to secure the Philippines before the US uses them as a base to cut off resources from the homeland).

2. In June 1940, Japan occupies the North (or All) of Indo-China, which starts a US emgargo in 1940 instead of 1941 (speeds ip the start of the war 1 year).

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 153
- 4/3/2002 5:13:21 AM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by CynicAl
[B]MDiehl:
But in the alternate history I do not think we have to assume that if the war starts in 1940 that the US fights only with F3s. F2s were, after all, accepted, (albeit with reluctance) because they were better than F3s. In a pinch their production would have increased. The chief concerns, IIRC, were that Brewster could not produce planes and parts fast enough if it came to a war (whereas Grumman could), and that the Grumman design was inherently more rugged. Moreover, as the F4 is basically a redesign of the F3, the lag-time between the F4 and F3 is likely to be very brief.

Brewster Aircraft was fundamentally mismanaged, with a horribly inefficient plant layout and serious quality control problems. There was basically no chance that they could ever supply the USN with enough fighters; they were over-committed and over-extended and "as fast as they could" wasn't nearly fast enough to meet their contractual obligations to their various customers. Perhaps some of the foreign-ordered aircraft could be impressed into US service in a PacWar 1940 scenario, in fact that's likely; but it's still never going to be enough. Also, as has been pointed out, weight growth caused by fitting the kit needed to make the F2A combat-worthy fatally reduced the F2A-3s flight performance and overstressed the landing gear. So even if you could get F2As, you wouldn't want them.

As for the F4F: The F3F biplane was developed into the XF4F-1 biplane, which was rejected. After a major redesign, resulting in essentially a completely different aircraft, Grumman produced the XF4F-2 monoplane. That also was rejected, but the Navy encouraged Grumman to keep trying because they wanted a fallback position in case Brewster turned out not to be able to deliver as promised (very wise, as it turned out). After yet another significant revision of the design, Grumman submitted the XF4F-3 for the Navy's approval - the first version of the F4F to offer a performance advantage over the Buffalo. But there were still several more and less serious teething issues to be worked out, especially in the areas of stability and engine cooling. The earliest the Navy could have taken delivery would have been late July or August of 1940, assuming that they appropriated the aircraft originally ordered by France. Even so, they wouldn't likely have F4Fs in frontline service until early 1941.

Regardless of the year that the war starts, you get the US historical production superiority over Japan. The budgets automatically get changed the moment you posit the existence of a war between Japan and the US. So yes, indeedy, you get F4s on most of the US flat-tops in 1940 if you start the war in 1939.

What really stretches credulity is the assumption that US production and budgets for same would *not* increase in response to a war, or that ship production schedules in the US would *not* be advanced in response to a war.


No and yes. The development of the F4F-3 was not as smooth as you seem to think; it was actually fairly torturous for that time. By the time all necessary modifications were in place and you actually set up the assembly line(s) to start mass-producing the things, you can't get these aircraft out to the fleet much faster than was done historically, no matter how much money you throw at the problem. The big US production advantage didn't start kicking in until 6 months or more into the war; the first stage of the war was spent geraring up - and this despite the extended "short of war" period available for preparation historically, a period which our AH is curtailing or even eliminating. Eventually, the US production advantage is going to become overwhelming. But it 's not going to happen in the first six months of war, and probably not in the first year.

TimJO'T:
Yes, in retrospect the IJN would have been better off scrapping the daylight action all together. They would be better off captializing on the confusion on the night action. Come to think of it. Do you know if the artical represents the lastest final version of the IJN DBS? I seem to remember reading somewhere I think it was "Yamamoto, the Reluctant Admiral" that the IJN DBS had evolved into being an all night action. Thats why they put so much enfences in developing night fighting tactics, night optics, and flashless powder. Not totally positive though.


I can't be certain of course, but I believe the main event - the cataclysmic clash of the opposing battle lines - was still set to occur during daylight the morning after the Night Battle Phase. I haven't read Reluctant Admiral, though - I'm going (as I believe the author of the article was) mostly from the plans discussed in Evans and Peattie's Kaigun. (A terrific book, btw, and I highly recommend it to anyone with an interest in the subject of pre- and early-war IJN planning.)

Where I see the IJN plan working (albeit unexpectedly) is that even if the Long range LL attack doesnt score the hits envisioned. It would have undoubtly disrupted the Battleline. The slow USN BB line would have a choice of keeping formation and takeing some hits or breaking formation to avoid hits. If its the former than the IJN starts getting the attrition it needs. If its the latter then the IJN battline can start pounding the dispersed USN BBs.

The Japanese envisaged the battle line acton and the NBP as two entirely separate events, with sufficient time in between for their light forces to disengage and rejoin the main body before the main action could begin. So any disruption to the US formation during the NBP is not terribly relevant to the BB-vs-BB slugfest that would follow, because there would be plenty of time to regroup. [/B][/QUOTE]

CynicAl

True but, according to the article the IJN planed to press a second even bigger torp attack. Again, "suicidal if neccessary" at the opening of the daylight surface action.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 154
- 4/3/2002 9:34:18 PM   
TIMJOT

 

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The Daylight torp attack, again according to the article; was to be a spread of 280 torps expected to hitting and crippling ten capital ships. I dont know what constitutes crippling but lets say an average of two torp hits per ship, more or less. That would mean only a 7% hit rate was needed for at least the second attack. Well within the range of the articles analysis.

This attack was to be followedfollowed up by a charge of 48 DDs and 3 CLs to mount a close range torp attack. The total torp potential of this attack would have been 411. Lets say half of the attackers are destroyed or disable before they can launch. That still leaves aprox. 200 torps potentially launched at close range. The article's examples demonstrate that a close range the the IJN achieved aprox 12-13% hit rate. That would translate into a least an additional 24 hits. A potentially devasting blow, considering the leathalness of the Long Lance's warheads.

Now I just want to clarify that am not a big fan of the IJN plans either. I also think is way too complicated (ala Midway), calling for the needless dispersion of force and over reiliance of long range torp attacks.

Ive already stated that in a theoretical straight-up , head to head clash between USN pre-war BBs against IJN pre-war BBs that IMO the USN wins. My only caveat is that the Long lance could have tiped the scale enough in Japans favor, inspite of their plan not becuase of it.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 155
- 4/3/2002 10:54:14 PM   
CynicAl


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[QUOTE]Originally posted by TIMJOT
[B]CynicAl

True but, according to the article the IJN planed to press a second even bigger torp attack. Again, "suicidal if neccessary" at the opening of the daylight surface action.

-------------------------------------

The Daylight torp attack, again according to the article; was to be a spread of 280 torps expected to hitting and crippling ten capital ships. I dont know what constitutes crippling but lets say an average of two torp hits per ship, more or less. That would mean only a 7% hit rate was needed for at least the second attack. Well within the range of the articles analysis.

This attack was to be followedfollowed up by a charge of 48 DDs and 3 CLs to mount a close range torp attack. The total torp potential of this attack would have been 411. Lets say half of the attackers are destroyed or disable before they can launch. That still leaves aprox. 200 torps potentially launched at close range. The article's examples demonstrate that a close range the the IJN achieved aprox 12-13% hit rate. That would translate into a least an additional 24 hits. A potentially devasting blow, considering the leathalness of the Long Lance's warheads.

Now I just want to clarify that am not a big fan of the IJN plans either. I also think is way too complicated (ala Midway), calling for the needless dispersion of force and over reiliance of long range torp attacks.

Ive already stated that in a theoretical straight-up , head to head clash between USN pre-war BBs against IJN pre-war BBs that IMO the USN wins. My only caveat is that the Long lance could have tiped the scale enough in Japans favor, inspite of their plan not becuase of it. [/B][/QUOTE]

But get this - the forces that Japan planned to use in the daylight torpedo attacks? Exactly the same ships previously used in the "suicidal if necessary" night attack a few hours before. NO accounting for attrition. NO accounting for units that get turned around in the dark and the chaos and fail to rejoin. NO accounting for ammunition expenditure - even though the plan was that they should shoot off all their torps during the NBP! The Japanese assumed that their forces would suffer ZERO losses in the NBP - and would be entirely immune to the inevitable confusion of a large-scale night surface battle - and would magically have their ships restocked with torpedos by dawn! The IJN planners came up with the perfect plan - if their objective was the destruction in detail of their own fleet.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 156
- 4/3/2002 11:42:21 PM   
mdiehl

 

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"The Daylight torp attack, again according to the article; was to be a spread of 280 torps expected to hitting and crippling ten capital ships. I dont know what constitutes crippling but lets say an average of two torp hits per ship, more or less. That would mean only a 7% hit rate was needed for at least the second attack. Well within the range of the articles analysis."

*Not* within the 7% hit rate. All but one of the hit rates that exceeded 6% occurred in night attacks launched at short range to medium range (out to about 7500 yards). The one exception was also a night attack in which 1 torpedo of four launched hit at extreme range. Taking the mean hit rates from *daylight* attacks only, the most likely outcome of a daylight torpedo attack is no hits: mode = 0, median = 0; mean (a.k.a. "average") = 1%, standard deviation 1.6%. Assuming that the Japanese are *extremely* lucky and hit the right hand side of the distribution *3 standard deviations better than the mean* (a probability of about 7% rounding up, if you want to roll percentile dice on it), the Japanese achieve six (well, 5.8) hits. Since hits tend to occur in clusters (that is, a spread that gets a hit is likely to get more than one hit), the result is one US capitol ship heavily damaged or sunk.

To answer the obvious follow-up question, "what are the stats for a night torpedo attack?":

Assuming that the IJN launches a night torpedo attack from medium to short range (stipulated above) the results are: mean=7.4%, mode 0 *or* 12-13% (I'm playing loose with "mode" here), median 8.3%, standard deviation 6.0.

So the night torpedo attack is a very strange phenomenon, statistically speaking. The distribution is sxxt, with a cluster at zero hits and a cluster around 12-13% (excluding the one-off 25% aforementioned as an obvious outlier). At least half of the *salvoes* launched can be expected to miss entirely. The other half can be expected to hit at an accumulated rate of 12-13%. Since, again, one hit in a salvo probably predicts a second hit from the same salvo, with an 8 torp spread you're looking at 2-4 hits. I'm not sure how to model this now because stats aren't very helpful for such wacky distribution curves. You'd have to look at the number of ships launching and the number of torps per salvo.

It comes out something like nine of ten ships that survive long enough to launch salvoes at medium to short range miss completely. If they dump off at medium range (say, 2500-7500 yards for the Type 93a, admittedly based on historical effects not theoretical maximum range) it's probably more like 19 of 20 salvos miss. At short range closer to nine of ten. Of those that hit, you can expect multiple hits per salvo.

So if the DBS is to have a prayer of success it absolutely has to be a night torpedo attack at relatively close range. It would help an awful lot if the US fleet has, at the time of the attack, its collective thumb up its axx, as it did at Savo Island, or as the commanding admiral did at Tassafaronga, because those circumstances are the ones where Japan gets hits in the 13% range.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 157
- 4/4/2002 12:21:46 AM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Jeremy Pritchard
[B]

Basically, the Battleship Admirals of both fleets had this in plan, a decisive battle. It never really happened in WW2, as attrition took place, and Midway was decisive only in changing the initiative of the war (not an immediate war winner).

I do not think that a war in 1940 would have resulted in drastically different tactics then a war in 1941. Sure, the acts of the Carrier would be less influential (due to the lack of British experience in the Medeterranean for the US and IJN to follow). However, had the US Pacific battlefleet NOT have been put out of action in 1941 I do not think that the USN would have tried a decisive fleet action. When Atlantic battleships were brought in, in early 1942, and you add the slightly damaged battleships at Pearl Harbour that were quickly repaired (Tennesse, Maryland, Pennsylvania) the US Pacific Fleet was almost to 1941 size, yet, it was kept out of action and they did not try a major fleet engagement.

The main reason why this would not happen in 1940 (and did not in 1941/42) is because what would the fleet have done had it sailed out to the middle of the Pacific? Guam and Wake Island were NOT major bases that a battlefleet could work from. The Fleet would have to rely on a train of Oilers, plus be in the middle of Japanese territory (the IJNAF still had G3M and G4M bombers in 1940!). It would take a while for a US Army relief convoy to be put together for the Philippines, and without a reason to sail there, the Pacific Fleet could only act on the Japanese Periphery (South Pacific). Prettymuch the war would have progressed as in 1941, except aircraft types would be not 'quite' as efficient (since most will be starting off with A5M/Ki-27/P-26/F3F/F2A instead of A6M/Ki-43/F4F/Hurricane). Aircraft design would not have been sped up much (you will not be seeing 1945 designed aircraft in 1943 because the war started sooner).

Not only would there be less Japanese LCU's and Air Groups in the Pacific Operations, the Allied LCU's and Air Groups would be in even poorer condition (major Allied reinforcement of the Pacific did not take place until middle of 1941).


Why would there be war in 1940?

June 1940, Italy joins the war and France signs and armistice. As a part of the Armistice France gives Northern Indo-China to the Japanese. In Mid 1941 Japan occupies the southern half, this is what triggers US embargos.

What if...

1. In June 1940, along with Italy, Japan declares war on the weakened Allies (France on the brink of defeat and England's focus is on defending their home island). The US sees this as a threat to the Philippine Islands and declares war (or is declared war on by Japan to secure the Philippines before the US uses them as a base to cut off resources from the homeland).

2. In June 1940, Japan occupies the North (or All) of Indo-China, which starts a US emgargo in 1940 instead of 1941 (speeds ip the start of the war 1 year). [/B][/QUOTE]


Jeremy

I agree by 1941, it wasnt the USN plan to seek a decisive sea battle. WPO3 called for the USN to go on the defensive. This is why IMHO, Pearl Harbor was Japans "first" and "worst" defeat. It achieved nothing of either strategic or tactical signifcance, while elimating any possibility, however remote for an eventual negotiated settlement. Which by the way, was the best Japan could ever hope for in a war with the US. All PH did was give the USN a convenient excuse to actually implement WPO3.

What would the USN have done differently if there was no PH? Probably nothing. WPO3 dictated that the PI would be abandoned and the fleet would not commit any major units to the defense of the Malaya barrier. Instead it would mount limited hit and run raids against Japanese bases in the central pacific in an attempt to draw off pressure from the British and the Dutch. Enventually a reinforced fleet would mount a methodical advance through the central Pacific. This is exactly what the USN ended up doing. PH didnt even delay WPO3. Within a month of PH US carrier TFs were already raiding the IJN central Pacific basis. As planned.

That being said, wars seldom follow pre-war plans. With that in mind, I do see a possibility (albeit remote) of a scenerio that results in a classic decisve fleet action. First lets assume there is no PH and the Japanese just attack the PI on Dec.8,1941. Now WPO3 calls for sacrificeing the PI. A desision somewhat palitable if the PI as expected falls quickly. But what if the PI doesnt fall quickly? It instead stubornly holds out as it historically did. One month, two months, then three months passes and still the garrison holds out. What then? On paper its easy to abandon the garrison to its fate. But war is not fought on paper. It might be Politically and emotionally impossible for an "intact" US Fleet to just stand by, while the garrison suffers. The honor and reputation of the Navy would be at stake. They would risk the [I]ire[/I] of the army, not to mention the American people. The longer the PI held out the more probable the USN would have to act.

This being the case. The only possibility of relieving the PI would be to sorte the whole Pac Fleet in an attempt to overwelm the IJN with overpowering force. Thereby setting up the aforemention decisive fleet action. Most likely in the vacinity of the Marianas or Philipine Sea. IMHO of course.:D

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 158
- 4/4/2002 1:16:10 AM   
mdiehl

 

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"One month, two months, then three months passes and still the garrison holds out. What then? On paper its easy to abandon the garrison to its fate."

"The longer the PI held out the more probable the USN would have to act."

"The only possibility of relieving the PI would be to sorte the whole Pac Fleet in an attempt to overwelm the IJN with overpowering force."

I just don't agree with your view of things. Partly because your plan for the US response suffers from a lack of imagination, and partly because the adjectives that you use in a deterministic way ("The longer the PI.... the *more probable*... and "The *only* possibility...) aren't supported by anything quantified.

You have no basis for claiming that your scenario is more probable than any other scenario, and the lack of imagined alternatives suggest that the "only possibility" is merely the only one that you want to consider.

Since the PI (elements of it anyhow) held out until May 1942 you're talking about a historical example in which the PI garrison was written off even after 5 months of fighting. Moreover, WPO3 did not envision any relief to the PI for at least a year, contingent upon the availability of force (WPO3 did not envision a simultaneous war with Germany). In my view the PI gets written off until or unless the US Island hops its way back to Guam and has substantial air assets in the area anyhow. That means if Bataan and Corregidor somehow manage to hold out until 1944 and then fall because Mac Hasn't Returned Yet, that's just how it plays out. But Japan's pride IMo isn't going to let the PI live that long, even if it means postponing or canceling the Burma campaign.

But if you really want to mess with Japan's head, you force Kaigun to face you on your own terms. Reinforce the Indonesian barrier and begin bombing the crap out of every Japanese economic installation within range of a B24 or B17. Force the IJN to sortie into Allied-held waters where B25s, tactical single engined bombers, and P40s can be made available in abundance, and pull off a reverse-DBS on the IJN by attriting them with bombs, air and sub-launched torpedoes, and mines. When the Big Fight happens off the Celebes, Kaigun sorties with about half of the light elements that the IJN DBS battle plan calls for, and 2/3 of the treaty and non-treaty CAs. Once Kaigun has been crushed, advance back into the PI via Davao and Borneo using air supremacy to adcantage the whole way.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 159
- 4/4/2002 1:35:33 AM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by CynicAl
[B]

But get this - the forces that Japan planned to use in the daylight torpedo attacks? Exactly the same ships previously used in the "suicidal if necessary" night attack a few hours before. NO accounting for attrition. NO accounting for units that get turned around in the dark and the chaos and fail to rejoin. NO accounting for ammunition expenditure - even though the plan was that they should shoot off all their torps during the NBP! The Japanese assumed that their forces would suffer ZERO losses in the NBP - and would be entirely immune to the inevitable confusion of a large-scale night surface battle - and would magically have their ships restocked with torpedos by dawn! The IJN planners came up with the perfect plan - if their objective was the destruction in detail of their own fleet. [/B][/QUOTE]

Well if that was there plan :confused: .............

"IT SUCKS!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
:D

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 160
For what it's worth... - 4/4/2002 4:08:33 AM   
rhohltjr


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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]
Look, there's no doubting that pilots can make mistakes, even the best trained ones. Regarding the performance of the USN aviators and their training there's not much disputing that they gave as good as they got (Lundstrom has a book on this) in early 1942. There are a couple notable exceptions, Midway F2As being the most obvious one. Why F2As were sent rather than P40s or even P400s (they'd have been allright at low
altitude) I'd be interested in finding out.
[/B][/QUOTE]

[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ranger-75
[B]mdiehl,

The reason that there were F2As (and SBU "vibrators" on Midway, is that these were Marine squadrons, not Army squadrons, The USN was "upgrading" the VMF and VMSB squadrons, but they hadn't finished yet. That's why there were both Buffaloes and Wildcats and both Dauntlesses and Vindicators (vibrators or wind indicators to their detractors). ...
[/B][/QUOTE]

mdiehl and Ranger-75,
According to Henry C. Clausen author of 'Pearl Harbor The Final Judgement', both Kimmells and Shorts staffs met for the entire week prior to Dec 7 to plan a swap of Marine ground and air units with Army ground and Air units in the outlying islands. It fell apart because Kimmell and Short got in a pissing match. Kimmel did not want to give up command of the outlying islands and Short did not want to give up command of his units.
regards,
rhj

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 161
- 4/4/2002 7:42:03 AM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]"One month, two months, then three months passes and still the garrison holds out. What then? On paper its easy to abandon the garrison to its fate."

"The longer the PI held out the more probable the USN would have to act."

"The only possibility of relieving the PI would be to sorte the whole Pac Fleet in an attempt to overwelm the IJN with overpowering force."

I just don't agree with your view of things. Partly because your plan for the US response suffers from a lack of imagination, and partly because the adjectives that you use in a deterministic way ("The longer the PI.... the *more probable*... and "The *only* possibility...) aren't supported by anything quantified.

You have no basis for claiming that your scenario is more probable than any other scenario, and the lack of imagined alternatives suggest that the "only possibility" is merely the only one that you want to consider.

Since the PI (elements of it anyhow) held out until May 1942 you're talking about a historical example in which the PI garrison was written off even after 5 months of fighting. Moreover, WPO3 did not envision any relief to the PI for at least a year, contingent upon the availability of force (WPO3 did not envision a simultaneous war with Germany). In my view the PI gets written off until or unless the US Island hops its way back to Guam and has substantial air assets in the area anyhow. That means if Bataan and Corregidor somehow manage to hold out until 1944 and then fall because Mac Hasn't Returned Yet, that's just how it plays out. But Japan's pride IMo isn't going to let the PI live that long, even if it means postponing or canceling the Burma campaign.

But if you really want to mess with Japan's head, you force Kaigun to face you on your own terms. Reinforce the Indonesian barrier and begin bombing the crap out of every Japanese economic installation within range of a B24 or B17. Force the IJN to sortie into Allied-held waters where B25s, tactical single engined bombers, and P40s can be made available in abundance, and pull off a reverse-DBS on the IJN by attriting them with bombs, air and sub-launched torpedoes, and mines. When the Big Fight happens off the Celebes, Kaigun sorties with about half of the light elements that the IJN DBS battle plan calls for, and 2/3 of the treaty and non-treaty CAs. Once Kaigun has been crushed, advance back into the PI via Davao and Borneo using air supremacy to adcantage the whole way. [/B][/QUOTE]

Mdeihl

You really need to learn to read a little more carefully. I qualified my remarks by saying my scenerio was A) remote and B) just my opinion. I never said that it was anymore probable than another. Just one possibility that could lead to a DBS. Im sorry if you dislike my use of adjectives. I never claimed to be a proficient writer.

Your own scenerio has no basis of probability either. First WPO3 expressly discounts any major commitment in SEA. The USN simply was not interested in risking its ships in the confined waters of SEA, had severe doughts of the viabilitly of Singapore as advance naval base and consider any advance through SEA as needless wast of effort. Hey, dont blame me, I didnt write the plan. Personally, I like the idea of making the major effort via the NEI. I used that strategy quite often in the old "PacWar" boardgame. Attacking Japans source of oil always seemed to be a good strategy to me.:)

However the fact is the USN didnt like the idea of advance through SEA any more than it liked the idea of sailing to the relief of the PI. The problem with your plan is that it would leave the central Pacific wide open. Thats why the Navy prefefered an advance through the central Pacific. As you say; It may have lacked imagination. However it had the advantage of not only being the shortest most direct route to the ultimate objective (Japan) it also offered the added advantage of simutaneously covering the vital aproaches to the eastern pacific.

Regarding my scenerio. As I stated and you repeated the USN had no intention of "relieving" the PI. They did leave open the possibility of "reconquering" the PI a year or two down the road. My point was the only way I could see a Fleet clash unfolding along the lines of the IJN DBS and USN "ORIGINAL" WPO ( not WPO3) would be if the USN was forced into action for reasons beyond tactical or strategic considerations.

The USN used as an convient excuse the losses of PH as the reason why relief of the PI was impossible. This was a "LIE". The Philipines were sacrificed for strategic/tactical reasons. PH losses had nothing to do with it. The operative word in my scenerio is "INTACT" US Fleet. Its quite plausible there would have been much more political and popular outcry for the USN to act rashly and mount a relief effort if the fleet is intact. Than it historically was when the fleet was supposedly mortally wounded. Just becuasue the american public excepted the sacrifice of the PI under historical conditions, doesnt neccessarily mean they would react the same under different circumstances.

I know your a by the numbers guy, but wars are rarely fought soley by the numbers. You cant dismiss
soscio/political/racial/cutural aspects as irrevelent, becuase more often then not they are. You have to take into account that pre-Pearl Harbor the US military suffered from an over confidence complex, the american people had superiority complex and politicians have a self preservation complex. All of which could derail even the best laid plans.

By the way, when I said "only possibility of relieving the PI". I was assumeing time would be of the essence. The more time passed the weaker the garrison would become. Which would preclude a slow methodical build up of forces followed by an island hopping campaign. If time is the paramount consideration then how else can the PI be relieved, other than by massive brute force? Remember the fleet is intact and has superior numbers in every category except carriers and even that could be made even with transfers from the Atlantic. The reason I choose the location the Marianas or Philipine sea is becuase working form Wake. The Northwest Pacific route offers the least resistance.

I agree however your NEI route is intrigueing and plausible because of the Base offered at Darwin and the fact that Mindinao and the Visayas remained in nominal US control right up to the end of the PI campaign. In someways however it would be logistially more difficult becuase it would be stretching the supply train thousands of miles. Also you have to assume you would be fighting past Japanese bases already established in Timore, Celebes, Dutch NG and Borneo.

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Post #: 162
nagumo - 4/4/2002 10:12:36 PM   
corbulo

 

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PH failed, as everyone knows, because the IJN did not get either the fuel dump or the carriers. If the attack had gotten these, it would have been a success. I dont think Marshall would have committed troops to a beseiged PI, but, seeing how things turned out at PH, any strategy would be better than what happened for the Japanese.

_____________________________

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Post #: 163
- 4/4/2002 10:53:42 PM   
mdiehl

 

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My apologies, TIMJOT, I did not mean to cartoon your idea into a box. But, words like "probably" carry a distinct quantitative implication. I'm not being a words lawyer here. The way we phrase such things gets picked up by *anyone* and metastasized into really (IMO) stupid received-wisdom type anecdotes (historical equivalent of old wives' tales and snake oil), like "The Japanese just didn't miss" and "The US just overwhelmed Japan with industrial might and brute force." (You have not said such things thankfully, but such insipid reductions are out there, common, and the basis for a couple of board games.)

So, I accept that you think the central Pacific is the way that the USN would have gone sans PH, even though I do not agree with you. In that event, *and* given a divine intervention that somehow gets the IJN medium/light forces at close range with the US battle line without much attrition prior to torpedo launch, and the USN for some reason is complacent about that, then the IJN's version of DBS has a prayer of success. I doubt that such a complex suite of events was likely to come together in the open waters of the Phillippine Sea or CenPac. In my view you only get the formula for Japanese success in and around significant island groups or land masses, and that means that airpower must inevitably complicate the situation.

I'm not saying that the WPO3 would allow a move through the NEI. However, I do not believe that WPO3 would necessarily have been implemented as written. The relationship between firepower, lethality and technology was changing very rapidly at the time.

I do not agree that the USN at PH or at any other time, or the US populace, suffered from overconfidence. If anything it was quite the reverse. The public mostly wanted to sit back and wait to see to what extent the US would get caught up in the mess. (By the way, about reluctance to engage: Woody Guthrie was converted from a radical pacifist into a hawk by the Reuben James incident. Of course it helped that he had a lot of friends who were socialists, and they wanted the US to intervene because the USSR was getting trashed at the time).

In my view the people who most suffered from overconfidence wee the Japanese. People usually say "victory disease" was something taht came into being as a result of December 1941-March 1942. IMO "Victory Disease" really began to escalate in Japanese military circles in 1937. And it was pervasive. The "Heroism is an adequate substitute for firepower" mentality. The idiotic neglect of intelligence beyond the most rudimentary sort of traffic analysis. The routine use of inordinately complex battle plans in naval campaigns. The unusually crappy state of interservice cooperation. The near complete neglect of basic logistics. The list is soooo long.

I'm not sure what you mean by a "by the numbers guy." Usually that sort of phrase is used to refer to someone who is excessively bureaucratic or inflexible in the face of situations that are not anticipated. I'm neither. I do believe, however, when one is making quantitative claims about the capabilities of combatants where historical data are available, the "numbers" tell you alot more about the actual abilities of the combatants than 'smoke up your axx' type unfounded generalizations based on incomplete information (Morison), anecdotes (Sakai), or glorification-of-the-conquered-opponent-for-political-reasons (Caesar's laudatory words about Vercignetorix in Conquest of Gaul), or to ennoble an old-enemy-turned-cold-war-ally (much that has been written about Japanese superiority at arms in WW2).

Nailing the oil depots at PH would have been largely inconsequential apart from the environmental consequences. Temporary storage with equivalent capacity in the form of tankers could have been available in 4-6 weeks. Permanant tanks within 6 months.

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Post #: 164
- 4/5/2002 12:55:53 AM   
mdiehl

 

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"I agree however your NEI route is intrigueing and plausible because of the Base offered at Darwin and the fact that Mindinao and the Visayas remained in nominal US control right up to the end of the PI campaign. In someways however it would be logistially more difficult becuase it would be stretching the supply train thousands of miles. Also you have to assume you would be fighting past Japanese bases already established in Timore, Celebes, Dutch NG and Borneo."

I'm sorry, I thought that the assumption here was that Japan was not compelled to invade anywhere because they're waiting around for the DB and too clever to get involved in a sequence of campaigns centered around island groups and a/c bases. If Combined Fleet is centralized, intact and waiting for the USN there's no way the Japanese are in Timor, Dutch NG or Celebes. The moment they disperse (not just their light/medium elements but also their support CV elements, sans the "fleet six" carriers, but also their highly taxxed merchant capacity) to support such widespread operations, they run the risk of encountering strong US fleet elements that might defeat them in detail, or significant a/c opposition.

Leaving the Central Pacific open may have been perfectly viable. With PH and its air assets intact, once war has begun there is no way Japan is going to, for example, invade Hawaii. They probably could not have, anyhow, simply because of the logistical problems. And if Japan wants the DB bad enough their desire works to the US advantage, because Combined FLeet has to go wherever the USN goes.

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Post #: 165
- 4/5/2002 11:31:56 PM   
TIMJOT

 

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Mdiehl

First and foremost. I dont think my scenerio was likely at all. I was merely pointing out a possible set of circumstances that could have led to an early clash of the combined surface fleets. My personal belief is that the USN would simply implement WPO3 as per what they historically did. I mean if the USN didnt change there plan with PH. Why would the change without PH? Other than being forced to for non-military political reasons. Thats why I dont understand your reasoning, that WPO3 would be have been rewritten sans PH. How and why would the power, leathality, and technology of weapons have been any different than historically if a few old BBs were not sunk at PH? How does no PH change the USN whole strategic outlook, make a complete about face and decide to attack through the DEI. A course of action that they never planed for or even considered historically?

RE: overconvidence; US understandble reluctance to go to war had nothing to do with not being confident that they could win it. It had everything to do with not wanting to get drawn into a conflict that many at the time considered not being our fight. Isolationism was born from the overwelming feeling in the US, that we had been suckered into WWI needlessly. Suffering the tragic consequences of being drawn into a war that was more about protecting the status quo than any of the lofty ideals foisted upon the American public.

When it came to Japan it is categorically true that the US military in general and the USN in particular did not take them seriously. This over confidence was borne from the underlying racial/cutural bias indicative of the times. This racial/cutural bias held true with the general US public as well. This is why PH came as such a shock to Americans. To most it was simply inconcievable that those "little yellow men" could get the best of us. This aspect is not quantifiable with statistics. You have to go back and read contempory first hand accounts to get a true understanding of their impact. Without the Humiliating slap in the face of PH. The US public and Military might very well have been more inclined to act more rashly. To sit back meekly and watch the impertanent Japanese challenge and tweek US power in the PI when the symbol of American power "The Fleet" was yet still unbloodied would be admitting the unadmittable.

RE: Woody; I ask you, where was good ole Woody during the Nazi/Soviet pact? I dont remember him writting any songs about the dismemberment of Polond. Do you? Gee, I wonder why...... Where was his "Ode of the Panay"????

RE: "Numbers guy"; All I ment was that you put a lot of emphasis on statistics at the expense of all else. My point is that numbers in themselves dont always tell the whole story.

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Post #: 166
- 4/5/2002 11:55:36 PM   
mdiehl

 

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I think we're down to fine points that are too fine to warrant much more debate. Racism and proganda do not equate with overconfidence or an unwillingness to take the threat from enemy forces seriously. The Japanese were extremely racist and they took the US seriously. Many elements of US society were racist yet took the Germans, Italians and Japanese quite seriously. The US was very racist vis a vis Spain, but took the Spanish quite seriously in 1898, and against Mexico in 1847, even though most American and European experts (and Mexicans) took Mexico's armed forces seriously enough that they expected Mexico to win. The claim that the US military did not take the Japanese military seriously is unsubstantiated, and the "feeling in the air as reflected by the popular press" does not provide at all a good measure of the mindset of military planners.

"To most it was simply inconcievable that those "little yellow men" could get the best of us."

Again, you've used the word "most" (and also "categorically true") which has a quantitative implication that you can't substantiate, and read an effect (in essence, "failure to take the enemy seriously is an obvious consequence of bigotry") that you likewise can't substantiate. PH came as a shock to the American public because the public in general did not know how badly US-Japanese relationships had deteriorated, not because anyone thought that the Japanese were incapable of sinking ships even when said ships were lined up like ducks in a gallery. 1904 pretty much ratcheted up international respect for Japanese naval ability, and the Washington-London treaty's numerical ratios were determined primarily *because* the US and Great Britain had a great deal of respect for the IJN's capability.

A move through Timor was considered. Indeed, the original WPO mandate for Asiatic Fleet was to retire to bases in the Indonesian barrier that would presumably be held, thereby stretching the Japanese defensive perimeter. What toppled WPO3 in WW2 was the loss not only of the PI but also the Malay barrier. Also, WPO3 was not primarily implemented in WW2. WPO3 did not call for a campaign in the Solomons or New Guinea, nor the revised strategy that was ultimately used and that made primary use of land based air, up to the point where the USN could field so many CVs that it could overwhelm local lba opposition *and* take on any Japanese CVs simultaneously. That's why the USN did not get serious about advancing into the CenPac until 1944.

Numbers are important, even when one is talking about things like the proportional effects of bigotry and racism on policy. If one can't quantify the phenomenon one is trying to explain, then one must fall back on anecdotes. The problem with anecdotes is that one can make an argument based on whatever anecdotes one wants, and such arguments are inherently untestable. Even unchallengable. Little more than doctrine, really, and therefore not particularly interesting in a historical sense or useful for predicting future behavior (or for retrodicting alternate history).

You say bigotry is a historical force. I agree. You say bigotry was deterministic in US military planning. I say "prove it."

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Post #: 167
- 4/6/2002 2:57:24 AM   
Ranger-75


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CynicalAl said:
"The Japanese assumed that their forces would suffer ZERO losses in the NBP - and would be entirely immune to the inevitable confusion of a large-scale night surface battle - and would magically have their ships restocked with torpedos by dawn! "

This "magic" based logistics was the essence of Japanese Navy planning from the beginning of the war to the end. Look at the Midway planning, After overruling the sinking of 2 carriers into only one, the Kaga, in the next phase the umpires blandly re-inserted the Kaga into the battle plan.

Their plans routinely had the fleet refueling from oilers that did not exist using vapor fuel stocks.

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Post #: 168
- 4/6/2002 3:22:34 AM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]"I agree however your NEI route is intrigueing and plausible because of the Base offered at Darwin and the fact that Mindinao and the Visayas remained in nominal US control right up to the end of the PI campaign. In someways however it would be logistially more difficult becuase it would be stretching the supply train thousands of miles. Also you have to assume you would be fighting past Japanese bases already established in Timore, Celebes, Dutch NG and Borneo."

I'm sorry, I thought that the assumption here was that Japan was not compelled to invade anywhere because they're waiting around for the DB and too clever to get involved in a sequence of campaigns centered around island groups and a/c bases. If Combined Fleet is centralized, intact and waiting for the USN there's no way the Japanese are in Timor, Dutch NG or Celebes. The moment they disperse (not just their light/medium elements but also their support CV elements, sans the "fleet six" carriers, but also their highly taxxed merchant capacity) to support such widespread operations, they run the risk of encountering strong US fleet elements that might defeat them in detail, or significant a/c opposition.

Leaving the Central Pacific open may have been perfectly viable. With PH and its air assets intact, once war has begun there is no way Japan is going to, for example, invade Hawaii. They probably could not have, anyhow, simply because of the logistical problems. And if Japan wants the DB bad enough their desire works to the US advantage, because Combined FLeet has to go wherever the USN goes. [/B][/QUOTE]

No the assumption here was that Japan starts the war by attacking SEA including the PI. Its the attack on the PI that triggers war with the US. As per plan the USN initiates WPO3. Writting off the PI as indefensible. The USN instead, as per plan goes onto the defensive. It substantially reinforces Wake and Midway as per plan, but Guam is problably a lost cause. The USN then launches hit and run raids in the central pacific useing the "Scout Force"(CAs and DDs) and carrier TFs in an attempt draw off pressure on the British and Dutch. The IJN refuse to take the bait Chooseing instead to Keep the Battle Fleet at the ready in Japan (as historical) The 1st Carrier Fleet deployed to counter any sudden unexpected USN moves(No PH hypothetical). While cmpleteing there relentless drive through SEA with light forces.(as historical). Then a very annoying thing happens the USN raids
in the central Pacific have little effects due to the lack of targets, (as historical) while the IJN rack up an impressive string victories at the expense of the British, Dutch and US Asiatic Sqd. Even more annoying the US Army stubornly continues to hold out in the PI. Everyday reports on the plight of those battleing bastards of Bataan hit the headlines. MacArhur is making loud noises, accuseing the USN of leaving red blooded American boys to the mercy of a cruel enemy. He openly challenges the Navys honor and accuses them of cowardess in the face of the enemy. Worse yet the USN suffers a black eye with the loss of the USS Houston while the USS Boise and USS Marlblehead skulk back to Australia with their tails tucked behind their legs. Enough is enough... the public start to clamor for revenge, the naval and civilian leaderhip is being openly derided in the press as being incompetant and lacking the fortitude to successfully prosecute the war. Where is the Navy? What's it doing? How can they let those little yellow bastards bitch slap us? We are AMERICANS GOD **** IT!!! FDR begins to feel the heat. The USN begins to feel the heat. Something has to be done. Surely; with the IJN fully commited in SEA and With the transfers from the Atlantic of the 3 New Mexicos( Historical) and the Yorktown & Hornet (Historical); the USN can break the blockade. Do we not outnumber those "yellow monkeys" in the most important weapon; "Battleships". Sure the poor hapless Brits lost two BBs to aircraft. But surely thats just an abberation. Due more to imcompetance than anything else. Imagine sailing your ships in range of land base aircraft without air support. The USN has Carriers, we have the best pilots, flying the best planes in the world. Our boys should have no problem handling those "buck-tooth Tojos" flying their paper planes. What are we afraid of? What use is a Navy if we dont use it? Besides are we not paying for a HUGE new navy waiting in the wings?

OK what can be done to help the PI? Well we got the 2nd Marines and the US Army 3rd Division both trained in Amphious assualts just sitting on the west coast(historical). We have a convoy carrying " TF PATCH"(pre-cursor of the Americal Div.) already in the pacific. We have a pipeline of over 300 P-40s and P-39s already in route (historical).

How do we get there? Choose one......
A) Advance from Wake through the north central pacific, there
by avoiding the Jap held bases in the central pacific. Crushing enemy resistance in the Mariannas and forceing the IJN into faceing us in battle. Once the combined fleet has been defeated the door will be open to the Philipines. Drawbacks;1) logistically difficult to maintain a supply line through 100s of miles of open sea. 2) Jap bases in the Marianas will be tough to deal with.

B) Advance from already established base in N.Australia through the back door to the Philipines; ie: bases in Mindanao and the Visayas. Again the IJN will be force to do battle or risk having its forces in SEA being cut off from Japan. Drawbacks; 1) Must fight pass recently captured bases Celebes(historical Jan.) Borneo(historical Jan.) Timore(historical Feb.) Dutch NG (historical Mar.)
2)Supply lines stretched thousands of miles through the south pacific, up through Australia and the DEI even more logistically difficult in the short term.

C) Fill in the blank.............


Outlandish? Yes. Plausible? Barely. Possible? I dont think so, just one mans opinion on how the "MYTHICAL" Decisive Naval Battle , might have come about. as envisioned in pre-war plans

Keep in mind this is purely for the sake of hypothetical debate. The reality was that the advent of airpower made the notion of a decisive "SURFACE" battle moot. Since BBs were no longer the decisive weapon.

****DISCLAIMER*****
Any racial epitaths used in this post were purely for the sake of demostrating the rascial and cutural bias of the times and does not reflect in anyway the authors personal views.

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Post #: 169
- 4/6/2002 4:18:05 AM   
mdiehl

 

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Not even plausible. The moment Japan moves on anything other than a non-US, non-Commonwealth holding in continental SE Asia, the war starts. That's what Wash-London was all about. But you are entitled to entertain whatever. If I were writing an allied AI opponent I would not circumscribe its actions to your view of history.

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Post #: 170
- 4/6/2002 8:39:16 AM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]Not even plausible. The moment Japan moves on anything other than a non-US, non-Commonwealth holding in continental SE Asia, the war starts. That's what Wash-London was all about. But you are entitled to entertain whatever. If I were writing an allied AI opponent I would not circumscribe its actions to your view of history. [/B][/QUOTE]

Again with your selective reading. I said the war starts on day one. When the Japanese simutaneously attack SEA and the PI. Its the attack on US territory that officially gets the US into the war though. I like how you categorically state that the US automatically declares war if Japan attacks the UK. For someone who supposedly disdains vague generalizations. That statement sounds pretty anecdotal on your part. To what do you attribute this absolutism? Clairvoyance?

Oh it must be that US/UK SEA Pact. signed by FDR and WC and ratifified in congress.............oops no such thing.

Then it must have been the so called Hull ultimatum.........oops cant be. Neither the Document nor Hull himself supports this claim.

Then it must have been that gentlemans handshake agreement between FDR and WC wink wink nudge nudge.
Sort of a secret psuedo Pacific Charter.

Now tell me Mdeihl what exactly does Wash-London allude too? Please dont say "Atlantic charter" or "arcadia conference"

:rolleyes:

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Post #: 171
Jap Bases - 4/6/2002 11:21:27 AM   
mogami


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Japanese bases in the central Pacific are paper Tigers, Truk has what? 4AA guns. The manpower needed to protect these bases are busy capturing new ones in SRA. The US Pacific Fleet was a target simply to protect this large exposed flank. I don't think the scenario would require the US to sail into Jap LBA. (there are not that many AG to watch US and defeat British/Dutch et al) Supply would be the problem but a leapfrog through the central Pacific aided by the uncaptured bases (Wake and Guam) would not be an impossable. There was a reason for the PH strike (along with the capturing of those US bases and PI). It did allow the 6 months that followed. The problem is try to find a alternative and the only one is DONT GO TO WAR PERIOD. In a game we can do any ones favorite what if. Some of them will have to wait for the release before we will know what is possible in WITP but it is fun to invent theory aslong as we don't get to far afield. The old 'Offense is the best defense' is still where I would spend my time planning Japans war. If you leave the enemy free to explore his options he will find the one that hurts the most. Pressure pressure pressure threaten everything and force him to spread out. You can't force a battle by ignoring the enemy.

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Post #: 172
Re: Jap Bases - 4/6/2002 11:05:26 PM   
TIMJOT

 

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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Mogami
[B]Japanese bases in the central Pacific are paper Tigers, Truk has what? 4AA guns. The manpower needed to protect these bases are busy capturing new ones in SRA. The US Pacific Fleet was a target simply to protect this large exposed flank. I don't think the scenario would require the US to sail into Jap LBA. (there are not that many AG to watch US and defeat British/Dutch et al) Supply would be the problem but a leapfrog through the central Pacific aided by the uncaptured bases (Wake and Guam) would not be an impossable. There was a reason for the PH strike (along with the capturing of those US bases and PI). It did allow the 6 months that followed. The problem is try to find a alternative and the only one is DONT GO TO WAR PERIOD. In a game we can do any ones favorite what if. Some of them will have to wait for the release before we will know what is possible in WITP but it is fun to invent theory aslong as we don't get to far afield. The old 'Offense is the best defense' is still where I would spend my time planning Japans war. If you leave the enemy free to explore his options he will find the one that hurts the most. Pressure pressure pressure threaten everything and force him to spread out. You can't force a battle by ignoring the enemy. [/B][/QUOTE]

I agree that the central Pac bases were paper tigers in 1941. The whole Japanese air presence in the Carolinas at the time of PH were 26 Seaplanes and 13 AM5 claude Ftrs. The early carrier raids in the central pacific were ineffective and disapointing becuase of the lack of targets. Halsey actually was able to detached his CAs to bombard some of the bases with their guns. They reported zero resistance and encountered no airpower to speak of.

I agree that early in the war and with Wake secured the USN probably could have skipped or avoided the Japanese bases in the Marshalls and Carolinas and went directly for the N.Mariannas, but no way Guam is still in US hands. There was about 100 Marines there with nothing heavier than a MG, no fighters and its virtually surrounded. An early attempt to reconquer Guam would have undoubtly forced IJN into that decisive showdown.

I disagree that PH bought six months. You have to ask yourself the question. What would have the USN done differently had there been no PH. According to WPO3, nothing. WPO3 called for the USN to go on the defensive, while mounting hit and run raids in the central pacific. Until which time the new fleet elements joining the Fleet made possible a methodical advance through the central Pacific. Thats exacly what they did (except for the unplaned for sideshow in the solomons). It didnt even delay there plans one month. The Enterprise and Lexington TFs were already raiding by Jan-Feb 42.

There is another alternative to "DONT GO TO WAR PERIOD". How about "GO TO WAR, BUT NOT WITH THE US". I know by the convoluted logic of the IJN that it was somehow less risky definitely going to war with the US than risk maybe going to war with the US, but the way I see it. Holding open even a slight possibility of no war with the US far out ways any precieved advantage of getting the first licks in. Even a 1 in a million chance is better than no chance.

I doubt my scenerio could be accurately model in a computer game becuase I think it would be difficult to model such abstract things as coalition and domestic politics and national mood and moral and such.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 173
- 4/7/2002 12:07:37 AM   
mdiehl

 

Posts: 5998
Joined: 10/21/2000
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Well, TIMJOT, I'm gonna drop it because you now have me thoroughly confused. Must be lack of coffee or something. I've not *intentionally* done any "selective reading" but I agree that I do not understand the premises of your scenario *at all.*

Somewhere in this there was the idea that Japan makes DBS work by having a war but not invading anywhere in ways that puts the Japanese navy in close proximity to land bases that might have tactical a/c. Then it was Japan attacks everywhere except US assets. Then Japan attacks everywhere simultaneously including the PI. Three different scenarios as far as I can tell or I've just not figured out where you're starting. Note that the latter is WW2 writ early. The second one still puts Japan's navy in and around Island bases. The first.. god knows. But if you do *not* wipe out the Pac Fleet in a PH style airstrike, then your odds of successfully invading simulataneously throughout the Malay barrier and PI are dramatically reduced. That was, after all, exactly why the Japanese attacked PH on 7 December in the first place... to buy time to make the necessary conquests elsewhere. I'll let it go though.

"Now tell me Mdeihl what exactly does Wash-London allude too? Please dont say "Atlantic charter" or "arcadia conference"

The Washington-London Naval Conference that determined the 5:5:3 ratio of the period's equivalent of the H-Bomb: heavy dreadnaughts. Japan was allowed 3 BBs per UK/US 5 because it was assumed that they only needed 3 to secure their interests in the Pacific. The US and UK 5 because they were 2-Ocean powers. But the 5 comes from the obvious (to everyone at the time) need to keep a wary eye on the Empire of Japan. Otherwise, if the Allies were so darned complacent about Japanese naval power, they might have set the ratio at 5:5:"whatever." Meaning that Japan could be ignored because, according to your premise, the western powers were so dumbfounded by bigotry that they could not recognize a threat when it was staring them in the face.

I'll give you three ways, for the sake of ideas that could make a computer game with your "Japan gets to choose when and where and how the war starts" scenario:

1. An American yacht crewed by a naval skipper and a PI crew noses around in the S.China Sea, pushing the Japanese buttons so to speak, getting sunk, and resulting in an opening of hostilities before Japan manages ot invade anywhere.

2. Lend Lease. The US negotiates rapidly an agreement with the NEI leasing the Celebes, Timor, and Southern Borneo, Dutch NG to the US for 99 years, giving the NEI much needed capital to purchasse American weapons for the defense of that chunk of territory for which they are primarily now responsible: Java and Indonesia. In return, NEI are lent a dozen or so pig boats, some PT boats, all of Asiatic Fleet's 4-stackers, all of the P36s in the PI, a recon squadron (PW10's Catalinas), and Marblehead (which is a 2nd class CL by contemporary USN standards anyhow).

3. "Naval Excercises." The president, who happens to be a former Navy Secretary, sorties Asiatic fleet as soon as the Japanese start moving. Houston, Boise, Marblehead, and auxiliaries dog the heels of a major Japanese invasion convoy, pushing Japan's buttons all over again, and forcing Japan to deploy naval assets taht they had not planned on using (or had planned to use elsewhere) to keep an eye on the American threat.

In all three cases, if Japan does not *immediately* attack the PI, the latter receives within 3 months 2 real army divisions, an armored battalion, 20 more airstrips, several first line squadrons of P40s and strike aircraft The PI, which now bristles like a porcupine, requires 10 Japanese divisions to subdue.. an effort that they can't sustain because they don't have the merchant capacity to do that without starving their troops elsewhere, and because they loose a good chunk of the required "light/medium" torpedo-armed elements of their fleet to a network of airbases so vast that Kido Butai can't suppress them without sustaining massive and immediately irreplacable losse to aircrew. Why does the PI bristle so? Because Japan has tipped its hand as to the direction it's going (Southern Resource Area), an area that the US historically worked hard to keep international, and because Japan is obviously on a major military expansionist drive, and because the PI is obviously the next target.

'nuff said. If your model of the state of world alertness and tension is one in which Japan is all knowing about where, when, and how the allies will respond, and that the Allies are so ignorant as ot have no idea what their own strategic interests are in an area that has been very much on their minds for 60 years (US) and 270 years (UK), then so be it.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 174
- 4/8/2002 1:39:10 AM   
TIMJOT

 

Posts: 1822
Joined: 4/30/2001
Status: offline
[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]Well, TIMJOT, I'm gonna drop it because you now have me thoroughly confused. Must be lack of coffee or something. I've not *intentionally* done any "selective reading" but I agree that I do not understand the premises of your scenario *at all.*

Somewhere in this there was the idea that Japan makes DBS work by having a war but not invading anywhere in ways that puts the Japanese navy in close proximity to land bases that might have tactical a/c. Then it was Japan attacks everywhere except US assets. Then Japan attacks everywhere simultaneously including the PI. Three different scenarios as far as I can tell or I've just not figured out where you're starting. Note that the latter is WW2 writ early. The second one still puts Japan's navy in and around Island bases. The first.. god knows. But if you do *not* wipe out the Pac Fleet in a PH style airstrike, then your odds of successfully invading simulataneously throughout the Malay barrier and PI are dramatically reduced. That was, after all, exactly why the Japanese attacked PH on 7 December in the first place... to buy time to make the necessary conquests elsewhere. I'll let it go though.

"Now tell me Mdeihl what exactly does Wash-London allude too? Please dont say "Atlantic charter" or "arcadia conference"

The Washington-London Naval Conference that determined the 5:5:3 ratio of the period's equivalent of the H-Bomb: heavy dreadnaughts. Japan was allowed 3 BBs per UK/US 5 because it was assumed that they only needed 3 to secure their interests in the Pacific. The US and UK 5 because they were 2-Ocean powers. But the 5 comes from the obvious (to everyone at the time) need to keep a wary eye on the Empire of Japan. Otherwise, if the Allies were so darned complacent about Japanese naval power, they might have set the ratio at 5:5:"whatever." Meaning that Japan could be ignored because, according to your premise, the western powers were so dumbfounded by bigotry that they could not recognize a threat when it was staring them in the face.

I'll give you three ways, for the sake of ideas that could make a computer game with your "Japan gets to choose when and where and how the war starts" scenario:

1. An American yacht crewed by a naval skipper and a PI crew noses around in the S.China Sea, pushing the Japanese buttons so to speak, getting sunk, and resulting in an opening of hostilities before Japan manages ot invade anywhere.

2. Lend Lease. The US negotiates rapidly an agreement with the NEI leasing the Celebes, Timor, and Southern Borneo, Dutch NG to the US for 99 years, giving the NEI much needed capital to purchasse American weapons for the defense of that chunk of territory for which they are primarily now responsible: Java and Indonesia. In return, NEI are lent a dozen or so pig boats, some PT boats, all of Asiatic Fleet's 4-stackers, all of the P36s in the PI, a recon squadron (PW10's Catalinas), and Marblehead (which is a 2nd class CL by contemporary USN standards anyhow).

3. "Naval Excercises." The president, who happens to be a former Navy Secretary, sorties Asiatic fleet as soon as the Japanese start moving. Houston, Boise, Marblehead, and auxiliaries dog the heels of a major Japanese invasion convoy, pushing Japan's buttons all over again, and forcing Japan to deploy naval assets taht they had not planned on using (or had planned to use elsewhere) to keep an eye on the American threat.

In all three cases, if Japan does not *immediately* attack the PI, the latter receives within 3 months 2 real army divisions, an armored battalion, 20 more airstrips, several first line squadrons of P40s and strike aircraft The PI, which now bristles like a porcupine, requires 10 Japanese divisions to subdue.. an effort that they can't sustain because they don't have the merchant capacity to do that without starving their troops elsewhere, and because they loose a good chunk of the required "light/medium" torpedo-armed elements of their fleet to a network of airbases so vast that Kido Butai can't suppress them without sustaining massive and immediately irreplacable losse to aircrew. Why does the PI bristle so? Because Japan has tipped its hand as to the direction it's going (Southern Resource Area), an area that the US historically worked hard to keep international, and because Japan is obviously on a major military expansionist drive, and because the PI is obviously the next target.

'nuff said. If your model of the state of world alertness and tension is one in which Japan is all knowing about where, when, and how the allies will respond, and that the Allies are so ignorant as ot have no idea what their own strategic interests are in an area that has been very much on their minds for 60 years (US) and 270 years (UK), then so be it. [/B][/QUOTE]

Mdeihl

You are getting confused. The progression of this debate was as follows

1) Cynacal and I were discussing what would happen "IF" the IJN and USN had "HYPOTHETICALLY" clashed in a single early decisive battle. We were NOT dicussing "HOW" or ' WHEN" or "WHY" or "IF" such a battle could take place. Thats when, for arguement sake we discounted other possible USN/IJN commitments.

2)You chimed in when I suggested that the "LL Torp Article" did not accurately represent the IJN DBS. For one, the 3/4 of the examples the IJN primary goals were other than pressing the attack. By definition a DBS would be the combineing of the Fleet for the express purpose of destroying the enemy Fleet.(ie Midway) . BBs being loaded with HE shells, DDs being cramed with troops and supplies. Results in battles like Vella Gulf and Kolombagara where the IJN DDs blindly launched torpedo spreads to cover withdrawls do not accurately model a DDs pressing a concerted attack.
For two the author made critical assumptions in 12 out of 21 examples, regarding the number of torpedos launched. He quantifies "Probable" with vague terms like "Apears to have been" and "doctorine being influx". How do you accurately quantify that? The fact is, the author is making assumptions on launches that "COULD" be as much as 50% off.
For three. The IJN calculations were based on the effect of longrange fire on a Battleline. This is "CRITICAL" because calculations based on firing a torp at "X" distance; at "Y" rate of speed; at a "Large" target traveling at a speed no greater than 21 knots, would not give you the same percentage hit rate when firing at substantially smaller , more manuverable and faster targets. Do we know that the IJN calcutions for attacking light forces was not the same as the authors 6% ?
That being the case only two examples demonstrate torp attacks on capital ships. 2nd Guadacanal and Suriagao Straight. In 2nd Guad. the USS Washington was a fast modern BB capable of 28 knots and equipted with the lastest radar. It was not subject to an coordinated Long range torp attack. Regarding Surieagao Straight, the author was completely off the mark. For one Nishamura force never launched a torp attack long or short range, against the BB line. Shima's follow up force never came in sight of the BB line and only launched a single attack in the general direction of two unidentified radar blips to cover his retreat. What the Author missed was that USN Desron 52 launched a ranged torp attack of 25 torps at the IJN battleline, recording 2 hits on the BB Fuso, 1 hit on BB Yamishiro, and 1 hit each on 2 IJN DDs. For a total of 5 hits with a hit rate of 20%. Since american torps were no better than the type 93, this american action best models the IJN DBS on the effect of ranged torp attacks at night by light forces on a Battline. Regardless two examples are not sufficient to accurately gauge the effectiveness of the IJN DBS, pro or con.

3)The debate shifted to possible scenerios, however remote, where an early decisive surface battle might have taken place. Thats when the different circumstances to which the US would find themselves at war was discussed.

4)Finally it shifted to theorizing what the US response would or could have been, without the attack on PH. Where you accuse me of making unsupportable generalizations and then proceed to make your own unsupportable generalizations.

So there you have it a natural progression of an ongoing debate. Nothing contridictory about it at all.

Regarding "Prove it" I do not have the time or the inclination to go back and site souces and specific quotes everytime I make an "informed" statement. I do stand by my statements regarding Americas pre- war perception of the Japanese both in regards to the military and the public. I would suggest to you that contempory newspaper reports, magizine articles, newsreels and polls are an accurate guage of the perceptions held by the public. That first person accounts such as Col. Melniks "Philipine War Diary" are an accurate reflection of the US military's rank and file perception of the Japanese military. I would also suggest you read US and UK pre-war intellegence reports regarding Japan. Particularly ones regarding the capabilities of their navy and airforce and then tell me that they were not racially biased. Finally I would suggest you read about the Pearl Harbor Investigation and the Kimmel Hearings to get a better understanding on the reasons of US unprepardness.

My statements and opinions are more often than not. based on the analysis and writtings of noted authors/sholars such as; Wilmont, Prange, Costello, and Vander Vat. You on the otherhand never site sources to support your opinions. With the one exception of "Fire in the Sky" which by the way ended up contradicting your statement not supporting it.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 175
- 4/8/2002 5:10:14 AM   
TIMJOT

 

Posts: 1822
Joined: 4/30/2001
Status: offline
Mdeihl says " The moment Japan moves on anything other than non-US or non-UK in continental SEA, the war starts, thats what Wash-London was all about."

Your logic truely astounds me:rolleyes: How does exactly the Wash-London naval treaty (5:5:3) ratio translates to the US automatically declareing war on Japan if they attack Malaya?:confused:

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 176
- 4/8/2002 9:34:55 AM   
Ranger-75


Posts: 610
Joined: 6/29/2001
From: Giant sand box
Status: offline
I'm going to stay our of the arguments but as a dream feature, I woiuld like to see ALL the US Essex clas carriers show up, indluding the ones that replaced the pre war carriers.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 177
Production Control - 4/8/2002 10:00:46 AM   
mogami


Posts: 12789
Joined: 8/23/2000
From: You can't get here from there
Status: offline
Hi, Ok I don't want to mess with what has been produced prior to the war or what the factories/shipyards have under construction.
I would like to be able to build things like pilot training facitilites
and decide what kind of airgroups to produce Same with LCU I would like to decide where my manpower goes (I am speaking of once war begins not modifing the starting OB. ) For example I might want to build the more costly engineer unit versus another Inf Bde. But the main point should be production/unit introduction should be driven by how this war goes not the game driven by a historical reinforcment schedule. There could of course be unit caps to represent what the different economies could realisticly support. It might be interesting to have the manpower pools seperated by service (maybe the player could decide recruitment levels) with skilled/unskilled recurits being the cap for pilot/engineer types

_____________________________






I'm not retreating, I'm attacking in a different direction!

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 178
- 4/8/2002 10:00:18 PM   
mdiehl

 

Posts: 5998
Joined: 10/21/2000
Status: offline
"With the one exception of "Fire in the Sky" which by the way ended up contradicting your statement not supporting it."

FitS doesn't contradict anything I've said. Clearly you did not read either it or the post in which I used it. Your case in respect to a/c losses and relative capabilities of early-war plane-pilot effectiveness, particularly in re the P40 vs A6M and F4F v A6m combination is based solely on selectively chosen anecdotes sans facts. FitS is important, or should be to *you* anyhow, because there are numerous instances in there (anecdotes, you ought to like them), that show how and why an average P40/P38 driver can easily control thefight and win against Japanese pilots with a lot of experience. I'v also cited Frank's Guadalcanal (guess it was convenient for you to ignore that) that shows how F4Fs achieved a 1:1 loss ratio against A6Ms during the Watchtower campaign prior to the end of 1942. I left it there because after 1942 the loss ratio really took off in favor of the US, despite the fact that the naval a/c involved were still F4Fs. There are *alot* of reasons for that, of which only a few have to do with Japanese pilot deterioration and US pilot experience gain.

"Your logic truely astounds me..."

Must...not...retaliate...

arrgh..

If I had said anything like "the 5:5:3 ratio leads directly to a DOW" your comment would have some relevance. What I said was that the 5:5:3 ratio presents a direct contradiction to your baseless assumption that racism and bigotry lead the US to systematically disregard Japanese strategic threats in an area in which the US had a strategic interest. All that BS about Japanese inability to shoot straight, the bigotry to which you constantly refer, hasn't squat to do with the analysis of strategic position or strategic commitments to an area.

But enough is enough. When I'm debating with a person who feels privileged to creatively reinterpret the things I say into a straw man and then attribute *his* straw man to me I know I'm done. I enjoy discussing history, but not with someone who cannot at least show me enough respect to attribute my *own* opinions to me.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 179
Hmmm...... - 4/8/2002 11:02:08 PM   
rhohltjr


Posts: 536
Joined: 4/27/2000
From: When I play pacific wargames, I expect smarter AI.
Status: offline
[QUOTE]Originally posted by TIMJOT
[B]

lots of stuff ... Finally I would suggest you read about the Pearl Harbor Investigation and the Kimmel Hearings to get a better understanding on the reasons of US unprepardness.

[/B][/QUOTE]

Timjot, which book or report about PH investigation and or Kimmel Hearings do you believe give the best, most balanced and fair report? There were many PH investigations.

I would like to see in UV/WitP as a dream feature, some sort of short scenario where the US is not surprised at PH. Perhaps Gen Short has all of his radar sets going w/trained staff at each; or Kimmel has his PBYs searching NW - N instead at the Mandates, or has a screen of picket ships out.
Perhaps Washington sends PH the 'Bomb Plot' info or RK Turner sobers up and figures out that PH doesn't have a 'Purple' machine. Plenty of what ifs.

(in reply to mogami)
Post #: 180
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