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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of hindsight?

 
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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 4:34:01 PM   
Canoerebel


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Tim, just to clarify, I wasn't making a dig at Halsey's comment or your use of it.  I was - probably inartfully - trying to point out the sharp contrast between the statements given by Grew and Halsey, both of which were rather well-suited to the circumstances the two faced.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 5:00:40 PM   
vinnie71

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: vettim89


quote:

ORIGINAL: Nikademus

We should not lose sight of the fact, deplorable but true, that no practical and effective code of international morality upon which the world can rely has yet been discovered, and that the standards of morality of one nation in given circumstances have little or no relation to the standards of the individuals of the nations in question. To shape our foreign policy on the unsound theory that other nations are guided and bound by our present standards of international ethics would be to court sure disaster.



Wow, that is truly profound. Grew was indeed an insightful man. The point could be very well made that this premise is still very much in play in world problems today.



Point is - who is to decide what is right or what is wrong at an international level? Morality at international level???? Sorry, but that never existed and will never exist until we have different nation states in competition. Just participate at international fora and see for yourselves. What we get is moralistic justifications of actions, not a set standard of morals for all to follow.

One example - the much vaunted rights of man. These are essentially a Western concept forced on all those countries that decided to join the UN. Yet, when we look around the world, one can easily see that they are not necessarily respected or even interpreted as we in the west think they should. Why? Because they are an alien concept to 75% of humanity.

Even worse is the situation concerning war, warmaking and all those moral issues normally associated with war. All rules are thrown out of the window when survival is at stake. Such rules are meant to 'humanise' war and reduce it to a sterile exercise in which no one gains anything. These rules are also intended to protect vested interests mainly rather than reduce or eradicate war. The current UN setup is also intended to protect the vested interest of a few countries, which is contrary to the spirit of its charter....

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 5:17:59 PM   
mike scholl 1

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: Terminus


quote:

ORIGINAL: mike scholl 1

" But given the militarists who dominated her government, reality is that she almost had to get her teeth kicked in before she would accept this."

You missed the English idiom Termi. The statement was that having their teeth kicked in was almost the only way the Japanese militarists were going to "see the light" of reality...




Well, her teeth were kicked in by months of aerial firebombing capped by two nuclear bombs, but lets leave it there...



Might as well.., as we're in perfect agreement. A Japanese Government not led by militarist fanatics could have surrendered at the end of Summer of 1944 (when it was plain defeat was inevitable) and saved everyone the horrors of the last year of the war.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 5:59:36 PM   
vettim89


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quote:

ORIGINAL: mike scholl 1


quote:

ORIGINAL: Terminus


quote:

ORIGINAL: mike scholl 1

" But given the militarists who dominated her government, reality is that she almost had to get her teeth kicked in before she would accept this."

You missed the English idiom Termi. The statement was that having their teeth kicked in was almost the only way the Japanese militarists were going to "see the light" of reality...




Well, her teeth were kicked in by months of aerial firebombing capped by two nuclear bombs, but lets leave it there...



Might as well.., as we're in perfect agreement. A Japanese Government not led by militarist fanatics could have surrendered at the end of Summer of 1944 (when it was plain defeat was inevitable) and saved everyone the horrors of the last year of the war.



Considering that elements of the IJA actually tried to intervene when Hirohito made the final decision to surrender, it is safe to say that short of a complete "beheading" of the IJA hierarchy, peace was not going to come by anything short of what history gave us. Chilling to think that a few never-say-die zealots were willing to bring Japan and the entire Japanese race to the brink of oblivion and almost succeeded.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 6:04:10 PM   
Nikademus


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quote:

ORIGINAL: vettim89

Considering that elements of the IJA actually tried to intervene when Hirohito made the final decision to surrender, it is safe to say that short of a complete "beheading" of the IJA hierarchy, peace was not going to come by anything short of what history gave us. Chilling to think that a few never-say-die zealots were willing to bring Japan and the entire Japanese race to the brink of oblivion and almost succeeded.


The potsdam declaration didn't help. Ultimately, for the greater post-war good....i think it made sense, but it did also have the immediate effect of hardening the attitudes of both Germany and Japan, civilian and military while the war was still going on. It made for great press in Axis circles. Richard Frank's book on Japan's last year spent some verbage on this subject and revealed that the declaration was not super popular within the higher level US military command.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 6:13:44 PM   
Alfred

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: fbs

But who would pay for that? It's not like the US could just direct its industry the way that Speer did. If a significant fraction of the public did not support a war in the other side of the world, Roosevelt might be limited on what he could order, ergo the industrial production would suffer.



Sorry fbs, but the above quote strongly suggests to me that beyond knowing that aggregate German production increased under Speer, you really have no knowledge as to:

(a) what was actually increased,
(b) the lead times involved,
(c) the structure and business relationships of German industry/businessmen,
(d) the "committees" established by Speer,
(e) the ineficiencies introduced or tolerated by Speer,
(f) how the USA actually produced it military materiel
(g) the much higher American industrial efficiency,
(h) the many different techniques available to finance war which are not dependent on how popular a particular war is with the public

Alfred

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 6:16:20 PM   
vettim89


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Nikademus


quote:

ORIGINAL: vettim89

Considering that elements of the IJA actually tried to intervene when Hirohito made the final decision to surrender, it is safe to say that short of a complete "beheading" of the IJA hierarchy, peace was not going to come by anything short of what history gave us. Chilling to think that a few never-say-die zealots were willing to bring Japan and the entire Japanese race to the brink of oblivion and almost succeeded.


The potsdam declaration didn't help. Ultimately, for the greater post-war good....i think it made sense, but it did also have the immediate effect of hardening the attitudes of both Germany and Japan, civilian and military while the war was still going on. It made for great press in Axis circles. Richard Frank's book on Japan's last year spent some verbage on this subject and revealed that the declaration was not super popular within the higher level US military command.


Agreed. While the argument could be made that he who chooses to start a war of aggression is not owed the opportunity for an honorable defeat, from a purely pragmatic standpoint giving some quarter may ultimately be in everyone's best interest. The failure of the US hierarchy to grasp how important the survival of the Monarchy was to many Japanese may have hard set the events of the final month of the war to the course they took. We will never know but perhaps if Truman had softened the Postdam Declaration in just that one area, there would have been no A-Bombs.



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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 6:27:28 PM   
Nikademus


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quote:

ORIGINAL: vettim89

Agreed. While the argument could be made that he who chooses to start a war of aggression is not owed the opportunity for an honorable defeat, from a purely pragmatic standpoint giving some quarter may ultimately be in everyone's best interest. The failure of the US hierarchy to grasp how important the survival of the Monarchy was to many Japanese may have hard set the events of the final month of the war to the course they took. We will never know but perhaps if Truman had softened the Postdam Declaration in just that one area, there would have been no A-Bombs.




Similar problems occured during the First World War. More than one opportunity to end the conflict early was squandered on both sides by unreasonable "peace terms." When Russia absolutely could not stay in the war anymore, the eventual terms of Brest-Litovsk were considered so outragious by the new Bolshevik party delegation, that the Treaty signed or not, was considered illegal and void (and that the future Soviet Gov would simply disregard it when it was able too)

Conversely, the harsh terms metted out by Germany on Russia only served to convince France and Britian that they had to fight on to the end lest Germany try to mett out a similar "agreement" with them. Lastly when what goes around, came around to Germany, the Vers. Treaty was just as outragious to them but like the Russians, the Germans had no choice nor were they allowed to even discuss/debate the terms. It was "sign it or else" end of story.

Key difference at the end of WWII was the post-war plan. Reconstruction and rebuilding vs. revenge and spoils of war (at least on the Western Side) The Russians were still in the WWI mode but i can't fault them given what they had lost during the war.



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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 6:36:11 PM   
vinnie71

 

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Are we sure that the Potsdam decleration could have been different? Frankly I'm under the impression that Truman was trying to bring in the Russians at all costs to shorten the war, and was ready to give them anything in order to have their intervention. Stalin also was not ready to intervene in a war that the other allies wanted to get out of. The harshness of the declaration was driven by such thoughts and also instigated by those who had suffered at their hands.

Besides even the place from which it was promulgated contained a message: we conquered mighty Germany - you're next in line. Any nation would fight all the harder after that. The Japanese had never been conquered by anyone and therefore still harboured the illusion that they could somehow pull through.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 7:08:40 PM   
Bullwinkle58


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Alfred


quote:

ORIGINAL: Bullwinkle58


Japan had numerous options in, say, 1930. Just because the British and French and Dutch empires were empires doesn't mean they weren't interested in peaceful trade for raw materials. Do you have any evidence that, if China had remained un-invaded, Japan would have been denied strategic resources and at least some access to finished goods markets? Of course they had options.

Or, said another way, the history of Japan for the past 65 peaceful, incredibly productive years has been a mirage?


It isn't quite so simple.

Post Bretton Wood and GATT, the world has seen a great increase in world trade. Notwithstanding the failure of the Doha negotiations, the impediments to world trade today are nothing compared to the situation in the 1930s. The barriers to world trade which existed in the 1930s severely impacted upon the economies of countries whose domestic market was too small to absorb their gross output.

Another point to bear in mind is the structural composition of 1930s economies. Even the most advanced economies had only a small service sector, instead being heavily reliant on manufacturing, which output was predominantly directed to the domestic market.

We should not assume that the post 1945 conditions which have allowed the Japanese economy to grow were also available prior to the war.

Alfred


I take your points, of course. Capital flows now; in a high-tarriff, non-digital, hard-money world it was harder. The mercantile system had, for centuries, made colonies attractive as consumers of finished goods from the home nation. Consumer consumption was far more limited, primarily foodstuffs, clothing, and domestic, mostly durable, basics like stoves and wash tubs (not video games.)

And yet, there WAS in-theater trade between local, non-colonial geographies. Even colonies were not prohibited from importing items that the home country either could not value-add economically, or chose not to (Holland was not an industrial superpower for example. GB was, at least in some sectors, such as textiles.) Would it have been easy for Japan to structure an export economy based on low-value-added commodities like raw steel? No. But it was possible to try. Parts of Belgian Africa were a possibility, maybe South Africa, French Indo-China was on a loose leash as colonies went at the time, my impression of Oz is they would have listened to sales pitches, some low volume opportunities existed in Micronesia, etc. China was poor, but the coastal areas had a bit of money to spend on construction supplies, light water-craft, etc. Japanese shipbuilding was good on a world quality scale, and they were non-unionized yards. I've never studied the numbers, but I think Japan could have competed there.

I don't imagine that a 1930s Japan could have performed as a 1960s Japan did--the colonial system being a prime roadblock. My point was that they had other options to try before engaging in seizure and slave labor practices in Korea, China, and Indo-China. But, we'll never know.



< Message edited by Bullwinkle58 -- 7/28/2010 7:23:23 PM >


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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 7:17:27 PM   
Bullwinkle58


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Nikademus

quote:

ORIGINAL: fbs

But who would pay for that? It's not like the US could just direct its industry the way that Speer did. If a significant fraction of the public did not support a war in the other side of the world, Roosevelt might be limited on what he could order, ergo the industrial production would suffer.




FDR came up with a number of ways by which nations at war who's "continued survival" was linked to US national security, could purchase/receive goods from US manufacturers. Lend-Lease of course is the best example. Britian traded territory for warships. Simple war loans weighted against a nation's gold reserves etc etc. It's not substantially different today in how war's are financed. The declaration of war didn't really change how the system worked...just kicked it into high gear. The manufacturers and their work force got paid....the supplies, guns and ammo were produced. US was already the "Arsenel of Democracy"



And during the war itself US production was not free market at all. It was profoundly socialist (in the REAL meaning of the word, not the 2010 corruption. The government controlled, and in many cases "owned", through GFE, the primary means of production.) The number of war production boards was high, and they had absolute veto power over allocation of resources and interim-level raw materials like steel, glass, oil, aluminum and rubber. Liberty and Victory ships were built by private yards, but they had no say in the design, number, scheduling, or manning of their own yards. Washington did.


< Message edited by Bullwinkle58 -- 7/28/2010 7:25:41 PM >


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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 7:20:29 PM   
Bullwinkle58


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quote:

ORIGINAL: vettim89


Chilling to think that a few never-say-die zealots . . .


Now, now. We're not discussing North Korea . . .

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 7:22:58 PM   
Nikademus


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nope...that was the crackpotsdam declaration.




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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 8:32:39 PM   
Whisper

 

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I am just a Marine, but the Corps likes us to have a koledge edjukation so they paid for me to get a MBA from Tufts, it wasn’t LSU and they talk funny but it was alright. Macro and micro economic theory depends on minimal outside perturbations and a steady state system for the equations to perform properly. There has never been an econometric system that could be analyzed by the models. All you can do is try and account for the socio/political demands on the model corners. Tariffs, trade routing, currency regulation, all break the model, so analysis is right out of the sphincter.

Look at the corners of the model, not the curves. This is why Russia, with her most productive areas under foreign occupation, could still produce more steel, energy, guns, tanks, planes, than the bad guys. This is why the US can produce infinitely more resources, oil, ships, guns, planes, tanks, just because somebody says so.

Model corners are not open they are lifetime limited by a resource input. You can break the econ curve but only for so long. US could do it, Russia could do it, Germany couldn’t do it even though she had France and Eastern Europe under thumb, and Japan was utterly hopeless. Breaking the model requires enough total input to shift the output curves, at least for the short term.

Social inertia becomes important. People out of work will sign on to a paycheck. They do not care where the money comes from if they get a piece of it. National imperatives in a country as large and as wealthy as the USA can do a lot. In econ terms, nobody gives a racoon’s butt if USA was building warships. It was building something and putting people to work. Social inertia says ‘go for it’.

But then I am just a stupid Marine.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:04:22 PM   
Whisper

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: Bullwinkle58
And during the war itself US production was not free market at all. It was profoundly socialist (in the REAL meaning of the word, not the 2010 corruption. The government controlled, and in many cases "owned", through GFE, the primary means of production.) The number of war production boards was high, and they had absolute veto power over allocation of resources and interim-level raw materials like steel, glass, oil, aluminum and rubber. Liberty and Victory ships were built by private yards, but they had no say in the design, number, scheduling, or manning of their own yards. Washington did.

Oh not really so. nodody knows what you mean by being REAL profoundly socialist. And there is no such thing as a socialist econometric model, well there is, but it is not definable except under local conditions.

Assume what you mean is government intervention. This is not socialism. Socialism implies a desirable fundamental shift in the model. Government intervention moves the model parameters to the corners. It does not shift the paradigm. Just look at all the socialist countries today. Even today look at the US. In my simple mind I look at social inertia (population x time), resources, technology (resource efficiency), national will, and only then is it smart to start analyzing.

Wharton School people think I am a reactionary nazi in amphibious green. Chicago School people think I spent too much time with my Anthropoly girlfriend (who I married, btw).

Those socio/politico phrases don't mean much really. The reality of this stuff will boil your crawfish (to borrow a phrase from jwe).

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:10:56 PM   
Bullwinkle58


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Whisper

I am just a Marine, but the Corps likes us to have a koledge edjukation so they paid for me to get a MBA from Tufts, it wasn’t LSU and they talk funny but it was alright. Macro and micro economic theory depends on minimal outside perturbations and a steady state system for the equations to perform properly. There has never been an econometric system that could be analyzed by the models. All you can do is try and account for the socio/political demands on the model corners. Tariffs, trade routing, currency regulation, all break the model, so analysis is right out of the sphincter.

Look at the corners of the model, not the curves. This is why Russia, with her most productive areas under foreign occupation, could still produce more steel, energy, guns, tanks, planes, than the bad guys. This is why the US can produce infinitely more resources, oil, ships, guns, planes, tanks, just because somebody says so.

Model corners are not open they are lifetime limited by a resource input. You can break the econ curve but only for so long. US could do it, Russia could do it, Germany couldn’t do it even though she had France and Eastern Europe under thumb, and Japan was utterly hopeless. Breaking the model requires enough total input to shift the output curves, at least for the short term.

Social inertia becomes important. People out of work will sign on to a paycheck. They do not care where the money comes from if they get a piece of it. National imperatives in a country as large and as wealthy as the USA can do a lot. In econ terms, nobody gives a racoon’s butt if USA was building warships. It was building something and putting people to work. Social inertia says ‘go for it’.

But then I am just a stupid Marine.



Well, the USN didn't pay for my MBA . . .

I agree with you as far as econ goes, but I think the discussion is outside of pure econ. As you say, Japan's challenge in the 1920s and 30s wasn't purely economic, but social and political. Powerful men can ignore or bend economics--for awhile. (See Mao in the 1950s.) Japan's world-view in 1930 wasn't primarily or even secondarily economic. It was racial (or ethnic if you're going that way.) They thought reality was whatever fit their view of what should be. My argument vis a vis their economic options in 1930 (most of the discussion here has focused on their options in 1940-41--too late. The die was cast.) is somehat based on hand-waving their racial superman foundations away and expecting them to "act western." Which they weren't going to. But they could have. Except . . . they couldn't have. See what I mean?

The Soviets out-produced the Nazis for many reasons, few of them economic. Fear is not included in most models I'm familiar with (fear of the Nazis, but also of the armed political cadre watching you produce.) Having the land mass to fall back and re-industrialize is also economic, in that the land was a prime factor of production, but also not, given that it wasn't a reproducable factor for the other competitors for economic supremicy. No apples-to-apples with Germany IOW. The Ruhr was fixed and not moble within space that could be esily reached by Allied airpower. OTOH, east of the Urals was Never-Never Land for the Germans.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:13:21 PM   
herwin

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: Whisper

But then I am just a stupid Marine.



I've known a lot of 'stupid' Marines. Most of them were just good at keeping their brains from showing except when it really mattered. You have my respect.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:18:42 PM   
herwin

 

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When Tai-sho died, the new Emperor Showa (Hirohito) redirected Japanese strategic planning from autarky to expansionism.

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:28:20 PM   
Bullwinkle58


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Whisper

Oh not really so. nodody knows what you mean by being REAL profoundly socialist. And there is no such thing as a socialist econometric model, well there is, but it is not definable except under local conditions.

I should have better defined my terms. I meant industrial, not agrarian socialism, whereby the central government (not "the people" however defined) controls the factors of production, primarily land, raw materials, and productive equipment, plus distribution infrastructure. Socialsim does observe free market pricing to a great extent, at least at the retail level, and makes adjustments to the model to meet the demands of the interface with capitalist economies.

I distinguish socialism from communism, where the above are owned or controlled by any aglomeration of "the people" without color of government (a pure agrarian commune perhaps.) "Communism" being different than "Marx-Leninism", which is really socialism on steroids, with cost and price controls and a general ignoring of the outside world's capitalist economies. Under this definition, Jesus Christ was a communist, but not a Marx-Leninist. I doubt He was a socialist, as He probably fully supported His carpentry business with private capital.

Finally, I contrast these definitions with current US political scene balloon juice where the relatively minor structural changes to the healthcare system underway are trumpeted as galloping socialism. They aren't. And I'll stop there.



< Message edited by Bullwinkle58 -- 7/28/2010 9:34:36 PM >


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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:37:48 PM   
Nikademus


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quote:

ORIGINAL: herwin

When Tai-sho died, the new Emperor Showa (Hirohito) redirected Japanese strategic planning from autarky to expansionism.



The Emperors reined, but did not rule. They directed nothing.


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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:46:49 PM   
Terminus


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That's what they want you to think, LogBoy. Same as with Queen Elizabeth II these days...

And Herwin, if you're going to throw buzzwords like "autarchy" around, it might seem a bit more impressive if you know how to spell them.

< Message edited by Terminus -- 7/28/2010 9:47:46 PM >


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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 9:58:08 PM   
Mifune


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quote:

autarky
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autarky

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 10:01:40 PM   
mike scholl 1

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: vettim89

Considering that elements of the IJA actually tried to intervene when Hirohito made the final decision to surrender, it is safe to say that short of a complete "beheading" of the IJA hierarchy, peace was not going to come by anything short of what history gave us. Chilling to think that a few never-say-die zealots were willing to bring Japan and the entire Japanese race to the brink of oblivion and almost succeeded.



Yep. The pack of completely gutless moral cowards who led Japan into the war could never face up to the stupidity of that decision, and instead tried to get the whole nation to commit suicide to cover for their idiocy. The slogan seemed to be, "Better the whole nation should die that that we should have to admit our mistakes."

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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 10:04:49 PM   
Historiker


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Mifune

quote:

autarky
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autarky



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RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 10:23:47 PM   
koontz

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: Canoerebel

The United States was not going to stand by and let Britain be defeated or heavily pressed in the Pacific while fighting for its life in Europe. The U.S. was already pretty hot over the situation in China.  If Japan had attacked Dutch and British interests in the Pacific and Asia the U.S. either would have immediately declared war or so ramped up preparations in the Philippines and other Pacific Islands that war would have been inevitable and would have taken place in the short or medium term.  Can you imagine the U.S. sitting back while Japan attacks Hong Kong and Singapore and the Royal Navy is heavily engaged?  No way America commits only 1/4th the resources.

  


Hell no!

The US of A have had secret talks with Britain for ~1 year or so before the day that shall live in infamy.
Warplans for EU and so on.

By why did it take so long to force the Japs to agree on surrender?


_____________________________

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(in reply to Canoerebel)
Post #: 85
RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/28/2010 11:47:27 PM   
herwin

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: Nikademus


quote:

ORIGINAL: herwin

When Tai-sho died, the new Emperor Showa (Hirohito) redirected Japanese strategic planning from autarky to expansionism.



The Emperors reined, but did not rule. They directed nothing.



Tell that to my (deceased) great-grandfather. (His letters home also made it quite clear the Imperial Family was not pleased about American treatment of Japanese residents.) It was when the Emperor Showa ascended the throne that Japanese strategic planning was reoriented away from development of Japanese oil fields and towards acquisition of the DEI.

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Harry Erwin
"For a number to make sense in the game, someone has to calibrate it and program code. There are too many significant numbers that behave non-linearly to expect that. It's just a game. Enjoy it." herwin@btinternet.com

(in reply to Nikademus)
Post #: 86
RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/29/2010 4:10:14 AM   
CapAndGown


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I am a little surprised that in all this discussion that the inherent structural problem of all non-democratic governing structures is not mentioned as a reason for Japan's decision to go to war.

I see the government of Japan's problem as similar to that faced by monarchies, empires, and even modern corporations throughout time. Basically, the problem boils down to this: if we don't change course, we are doomed to destruction, but the only course change that can possibly save us is one that means that we, as the governors, are doomed.

Some examples:

Japan, 1941: The US had cut of Japan's access to oil. The empire would run out of oil in a year and the empire would collapse unless the government of Japan made some meaningful moves in China to mollify the US. But if the government did that, then the government would not only fall, its leaders would most likely be assassinated by hard line nationalists. So even if the leaders of the Japanese government do not believe they can win against the US, what have they got to lose since they are going to lose their position and possibly their lives anyway?

Ottoman Empire, 18th-19th Centuries: By this time, the Ottoman Empire, which had been a world class innovator when it came to introducing and developing gun powder weapons, was falling further and further behind its European rivals. The Sultans knew they had to remodel their military if they wanted to keep up. Yet every time they tried the Janasaries revolted and overthrew the current Sultan to replace him with someone who would not rock the boat. Any remodeling of the military would mean the end of the Janasaries and their special privileges. For the Janasaries, the question was the same as for the Japanese government in 1941, do we do nothing, maintain our privileges, but concede the ultimate destruction of the system that provides those privileges, or do we agree to simply give up those privileges now, and if so why? For the greater good of the Sultan? Screw him, we are going to look out for ourselves!

Wall Street, 2008: The financial structure of the world economy is coming crashing down around our ears. The largest bank run in the history of the world has just "broken the buck" at one of the largest money market funds in the US. Unless capital in injected into the banking system the entire system is going to shut down. But of course, no politician really wants to just hand over a bunch of money to the banks, especially when they caused the problem in the first place. So politicians start talking about putting salary caps on the CEO's of any bank receiving TARP money. And what do these CEO's say? If you limit our salaries in any way, we won't take the money, even if it means our bank goes broke. So we see a similar situation. If the bank goes broke, the CEO will lose his nice cushy salary. But if he takes the TARP money to keep his bank from going under, he will also see his salary cut. Many of these CEO's were basically saying: since I would lose either way, I would rather risk the destruction of the bank than the certain curtailment of my salary.

In a non-democratic system, the people at the top are looking out for themselves, not for the greater good. This could be said of democratic systems as well, except that democratic governors have a great deal of incentive to look out for the greater good since it means that if they are at least a little successful, they can stay in office.



< Message edited by cap_and_gown -- 7/29/2010 4:13:39 AM >

(in reply to herwin)
Post #: 87
RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/29/2010 10:41:41 AM   
xj900uk

 

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quote:

The United States was not going to stand by and let Britain be defeated or heavily pressed in the Pacific while fighting for its life in Europe. The U.S. was already pretty hot over the situation in China. If Japan had attacked Dutch and British interests in the Pacific and Asia the U.S. either would have immediately declared war or so ramped up preparations in the Philippines and other Pacific Islands that war would have been inevitable and would have taken place in the short or medium term. Can you imagine the U.S. sitting back while Japan attacks Hong Kong and Singapore and the Royal Navy is heavily engaged?


Sorry, but IMO the US would never have been so committed to the War in the Pacific were it not for the sneak attack on Pearl Harbour. If the IJN had contented itself with going after the DEI and Malaysia, there is honestly no way I can ever imagine Roosevelt being able to convince either congress nor the American Public of waging indefinite all-out war and costing countless US lives for as long as it takes purely to prop up fading European Colonial interests in S E Asia. Some sort of limited intervention, agreed - but indefinite all out war? No way sorry.

(in reply to CapAndGown)
Post #: 88
RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/29/2010 11:52:31 AM   
herwin

 

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quote:

ORIGINAL: cap_and_gown

In a non-democratic system, the people at the top are looking out for themselves, not for the greater good. This could be said of democratic systems as well, except that democratic governors have a great deal of incentive to look out for the greater good since it means that if they are at least a little successful, they can stay in office.




I had an interesting discussion with a KGB analyst shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union about the problems they were having removing the dead hands of the nomenklatura from the controls of the Soviet airplane.

_____________________________

Harry Erwin
"For a number to make sense in the game, someone has to calibrate it and program code. There are too many significant numbers that behave non-linearly to expect that. It's just a game. Enjoy it." herwin@btinternet.com

(in reply to CapAndGown)
Post #: 89
RE: How to judge Japan's attack without the benefit of ... - 7/29/2010 2:18:50 PM   
wdolson

 

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Bulwinkle had the right idea even if the terms were a little off.  During a declared war, US industry comes under control of the government.  The government didn't take over many industries, though they did take over Brewster due to their incompetent management.  The government pretty much dictated what company built what.  The bureaucrats who were in charge realized that industrial leaders would work better if given a say, so a committee of government and industry people were put together in WW II, but that was just a tweak for better efficiency over past wars.

Anyone who could crunch the numbers would realize that taking on the US in a long war was a very bad idea.  Japan's merchant ships per capita was close to the US's, but that is a statistic that looks good until you drill down into it.  Japan is an island nation poor in natural resources.  Most of the raw materials for production have to be imported, which ties down the merchant fleet importing goods into Japan.

The US's merchant fleet was primarily built to export manufactured goods to other countries.  There were only a few industrial materials that were not available in abundance inside the US borders.  Rubber was the most critical and the petroleum industry largely had that issue beat by the time the US entered the war.

The US was also willing to put its female population to work in factories freeing up young men for war and the total US industrial capacity was around 50% of the entire world's output in 1940.  A staggering figure when you think about it.  The US, industrially, was roughly where China is today with a much smaller population and home access to most of the resources it needed.

The naval treaty also gave the US a larger navy than Japan.  Until just upon the eve of the war with the US, the US had 6 large fleet carriers and Japan only had 4.  The Shokaku and Zuikaku were commissioned just before the war started which gave Japan parity.  The US had an even bigger lopsided advantage in battleships.  When the naval treaty expired, everyone started building ships.  Japan's industry could barely manage to build two Yamatos and two Shokaku carriers.  The Shokakus were ready before any US post treaty carriers, but Japan knew that the first Essex class carriers were under construction and the first of the fast battleships were launched before the Pearl Harbor attack.

The US had two oceans to cover and Japan only had one, but the war in the Atlantic was not a big ship war.  The US might be short of DDs due to the u-boat threat, but the carriers and BBs were going to be free to deploy to the Pacific eventually with a trickle of new ships in 1942 that was going to turn into a huge influx of ships starting in 1943.

A pre-war analyst might not have predicted the speed at which US industry spun up and the speed at which it was able to crank out material (Henry Kaiser surprised everyone at the speed with which he built his shipyards and cranked out ships for example), but even a conservative estimate would show the US was an industrial giant loping along far from full capacity in 1940.  And history would have shown what the US does when committed to a total war.

The isolationists were a strong political movement in the US that an analyst might take into account in 1939, but the isolationist movement starting to come apart during the Blitz on London and by the eve of Pearl Harbor the American public was split close to 50/50 about getting into the war in Europe.  If nothing else, Lend Lease had helped the US economy quite a bit.

Bill


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(in reply to herwin)
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