UP844
Posts: 1662
Joined: 3/3/2016 From: Genoa, Republic of Genoa (occupied by Italy) Status: offline
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@ Curtis Lemay: I think you are missing a point: over 75,000 Italian "volunteers"(*), including a great number of Fascist Party leading figures, fought with Franco in a war depicted as a "Crusade to free the Very Catholic Spain from the Godless and Atheist Bolsheviks". The 180° turn from "Francisco Franco, brother in arms and saviour of the Faith" to "Francisco Franco, enemy of the Empire" would have, as a minimum, affected the morale and effectiveness of any troops sent to Spain, even though they were limited to a garrison role. (*) as in "Congratulations! You have just voluntereed to join the fight in Spain!" This did not occur for France (and the fight was very brief, anyway); as for Poland, Italy never declared war on it, as has it already disappeared in 1940. As regards to Austria-Hungary, it was a sort of "natural enemy": Italy fought three wars of Independence (in 1848-49, 1859 and 1866) against Austria-Hungary, and at the start of WW1 some north-eastern regions still belonged to the Austrian Empire (this was the main reason Italy entered WW1). @RangerJoe: quote:
But how does all of this actually help the Italian military improve their equipment? It doesn't at all . The best AFV the Italian industry managed to design was the Semovente (Self-Propelled Gun) you mentioned above. It was at least partially inspired by the German Sturmgeschutz, even though it was initially conceived as an artillery SPG. In fact, it was initially deployed in units (Gruppi = Groups, Italian artillery term for a battalion-sized unit) consisting of two batteries with 8 Semovente and 4 command/fire observation tanks. Since it was the only Italian AFV that could destroy a Grant or a Sherman, it was subsequently uses as a tank destroyer with some success. It inherited the mechanical problems affecting its parent hull, being underpowered (even though a bit less than the parent tank) and, as a consequence, not very reliable; as regards to armor, it was only slightly better protected than the M-series tanks, with 50mm (~ 2") vertical armor in the superstructure. On the other hand, it had a very low silhouette (1.85 m). It can be considered as roughly equivalent to early StuGs armed with the 75/24 gun, with less mobility (power-to-weight ratio was 8.5 or 9.86 HP/t for Semovente based on M13/40 and M13/41, vs. 14.5 HP/t for early StuGs). Later versions were based on the M15/42 tank, with gasoline engine providing better mobility, and were also armed with a 75/34 gun (roughly equivalent to the M3 Grant gun). Those later versions saw little use by the Italian Army in 1943, when Germans and Italians briefly fought in Rome. They were also assigned to Tank Battalions, which had 1 company of M15/42 and 2 companies of Semovente (Another TO&E I found lists 1 tank and 2 semovente platoons per company). The Germans used all those they captured, as well as several hundred built in 1943-1945, in the self-propelled company (theoretically equipped with Marders or, later, Hetzers) of the AT battalions of the Infantry Divisions that fought in Italy until the end of the war (there are several pictures of Semovente destroyed during the final Allied offensive in 1945). A few were armed with a 75/46 AA gun (roughly equivalent to a PaK 40) or with a 105/25 howitzer. Here is a list of the German units that used the Semovente: https://www.flamesofwar.com/hobby.aspx?art_id=244 A battery deployed in Sardinia would have been theoretically available for use by the Italian troops fighting with the Allies, but its use was never authorised (and, anyway, it would have been very difficult to keep them operational since the factory producing them was in my home town of Genoa, occupied by the Germans). They were (little) used in the immediate post-war period and were phased out with the arrival of the M7 Priest when Italy joined NATO.
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Chasing Germans in the moonlight is no mean sport Siegfried Sassoon Long Range Fire (A7.22)........1/2 FP
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