Where are the long lances? (Full Version)

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CapAndGown -> Where are the long lances? (8/25/2002 9:49:20 AM)

Ok, i've just got the game, so don't have lots of experience, but in playing out Guadacanal several times against the AI (historical difficulty) in every "Battle of Savo Island", the Japanese get the stuffing beat out of them. Most often, there loses are somewhat higher than the U.S. Now granted, Savo may have been somewhat lucky for the Japs, but there was also a lot of poor training on the part of the Americans that led to the disaster. And of course the Japs showed on many other occasions that they could kick the stuffing out of the U.S. (Battle of Tassaforonga)

But what I find most bizarre is all the gunnery action on the part of the Japs. Where are all the torpedos? Jap doctrine was to open up with a salvo of torpedos. Often they would just fire off the torpedos and run if there were just DDs present. Hell, in one action that Morrison described off of Villa, the US thought they had been hit by a submarine because they had no clue as to the capabilities of the long lance.

So am I just seeing some odd results that are not typical, or will the U.S. continue to be able to engage in gun duels which is where there advantage lies?




Long Lance -> Re: Where are the long lances? (8/25/2002 1:52:30 PM)

Good Post!

I never observed a devastating night-torpedo-attack by the Japanese.
I'm playing a short scenario pbem against afenelon, Guadalcanal, and because in short scenarios you can play like there is no tomorrow - that's why I prefer long campaigns - I charged a 'Kamikaze'-TF of 1 CA, 1 CL and 8 DDs against his BB-TF (2 BB, 4 CAs 8 DDs?) by night just to score some deadly torpedo hits and soften up the BB-TF this way. My plan was 'succesful' in losing all my ships, but not a single torpedo- or shell hit on the US-Ships was reported. That's the worst performance ever I observed with Japanese night torpedo attacks, but on other occasions, I usualy only see torpedo-hits on APs that are heavily damaged by artillery. In Version 1.11, the Long Lance seemed to be better, too good, I remeber DDs and SCs being torpedoed at 7000 yrds and beyond. I don't know if they changed anything about the accuracy of the ll, but that's what I have observed.




patrickl -> (8/25/2002 2:07:48 PM)

I absolutely dread those long lance torpedoes. They are worse than 18.1 inch gun hits! 2 of these into 1 ship and you can kiss goodbye to her! As US, there is just no way of evading Long Lance except avoid confronting Japanese Bombardment Task Forces. That means leaving your Lunga land forces to have hellish miserable life for quite a while!:mad:




Drongo -> (8/25/2002 2:57:23 PM)

cap_and_gown,

You've hit on a subject that's been discussed in a few threads. The general feeling was that LL torpedo's are modelled in the game quite well (nasty) but the early doctrinal difference between the two sides aren't really there.

Several players suggested ideas as to how the IJN approach to night battle's could be introduced (effectively an initial 'salvo fire' of torps depending on experience, tactical situation, etc. In the end, it's up to Matrix.

When I watched my first night naval battle in UV, I wondered the same thing as you. I thought it was a bit rough that the IJN are taking same (or worse) damage in early encounters with USN. The lack of any chance of an initial salvo of LL's hurts but I also think that any advantage the IJN gets through its experience at the start of a battle is also lost very quickly once the firing begins (it turns into a lengthy, all in brawl).

My preference would be for more (not always) shorter, sharper battles where someone gaining a major advantage at the start (ie superior position allows chance of devastating "line ahead" firing or opening torp salvo) gets a clearer benefits in terms of holding that advantage longer (as enemy ships sunk/knocked out at start).

It may be worth putting it to Matrix (at the moment, you'd think Savo was a million to one chance to repeat in UV - the USN could be hurt as badly but the IJN would also always suffer in the attempt).

Note : These advantages would have to apply to both sides - as the USN DD's get better, they would increase their chance of getting a mass salvo of torps off.

I also think its a bit strange the way DD's can be ignored as threats in this game (except for the odd torp hit). You don't seem to feel obliged to attach DD's to surface combat TF's as you did historically (especially at night). If one side had DD's at night and the other side had all capital ships, you'd think it would be destroyer heaven!

patrickl, I agree the LL's are deadly but I don't regularly lose many ships to them in battle (they certainly make you wince when they do hit.




Yamamoto -> (8/26/2002 12:22:37 AM)

I would like to see the long lance salvo work something like this:
(For night time battles only)

Japanese task force leader makes a leadership check.
If he succeeds, then each captain ( or crew ) makes a check.
Foe each ship that passes that ship gets a free "before-the-battle" torpedo salvo off.

The same system could be applied to Americans starting in 43.

Yamamoto




Long Lance -> (8/26/2002 1:41:18 AM)

[QUOTE]Originally posted by Yamamoto
[B]I would like to see the long lance salvo work something like this:
(For night time battles only)

Japanese task force leader makes a leadership check.
If he succeeds, then each captain ( or crew ) makes a check.
Foe each ship that passes that ship gets a free "before-the-battle" torpedo salvo off.

The same system could be applied to Americans starting in 43.

Yamamoto [/B][/QUOTE]

Sounds very good to me, great idea!




ReDDoN45 -> (8/26/2002 2:38:43 AM)

even without surprise where should be a difference. Japs often fired gigantic patterns. In game each ship makes its single torpedo run.... quite effective against target slower than abotu 24 kns, but not effective against faster. With the gians patterns the japs often shot, a US TF which didnīt make a radical course change, was caught in this pattern. Then several torps strucked... regardless how fast the Ships where, as they were moving in a TF wiht similar speed, to maintain formation. With a broad spread of about 60 torps coming at a US TF.... it will either have catastrophic results, especially when TF is in line astern formation and shows broadside to pattern, or none, when they made an unpredicted course change. At least that would count for these big spreads the japs sometimes fired (Tassafaronga or the BB action... in which the whole pattern missed the US BBs).

Despite all, the LL is quite good modeled. I achieve nasty results sometimes! NASTY!!!! Poor US guys with their swimming targets!




ReDDoN45 -> (8/26/2002 2:41:25 AM)

BTW US ships wouldnīt be very effective for the "before the battle torpedo salvoe", as US Mk.15 only had a range of 6000 yds with maximum speed... merely enough!
LL had 22000 yards with 45kns!!!!!!!!!!

:D This wonderful 24" present! It is truly superior in all regards!




mdiehl -> (8/29/2002 1:20:30 AM)

1) Okay. Correcting some errors posted by others about US torps:

see [url]www.warships1.com[/url] weapons US torpedoes
Ranges in Yards. Speeds in knots. Notes as indicated.

21" Mark 14 (subs) 4500@46, 9000@31

21" Mark 15 (post 1930 DDs, CLs) 6000@45, 10,000@33.5, 15,000@26.5

21" Mark 16 (subs) 13,700@46 (peroxide driven, designed for WW2 use but not used during WW2)

21" Mark 18 (subs), 4000@29, wakeless (US variant of German G7e-battery electric torpedo)

and, my personal favorite

19" Mark 24 "Fido" (aircraft), 98 pound warhead, 4000@12. Homing acoustic torpedo deployed principally as ASW torp. Sank 68 subs and damaged 33 others.

2) The Type 93 long lance was not routinely effective at ranges in excess of 7000-8000 yards unless the target was unaware of the presence of the launching ship. As with all unguided, essentially ballistic missiles, the propensity to hit anything was primarily dependent on time-to-target and target awareness (and lack of evasive maneuvers).

3) [QUOTE]Japanese task force leader makes a leadership check. [/QUOTE]

That's a silly idea. Not only did Japanese task forces *not* regularly get the torpedo doctrine drop on their opponents, they also suffered some minor defeats in 1942 at the hands of torpedo-doctrine savvy USN skippers. At most you'd expect a higher chance of Japanese success at a torpedo-doctrine attack if:

(1) The IJN TF was not detected by radar or spotted prior to or at any time during the torpedo run.
(2) The target TF was a USN TF that contained at least one CA or heavier ship.

Meaning that a USN DD-CL squadron would have as high a probability as any Japanese squadron of launching a torp-doctrine attack. Any RN squadron would have as high a probability, since many RN ships of larger displacement carried torpedoes and were as extensively trained in night-torp doctrine as anyone. *Some* USN squadrons with CAs as the flag would be less likely to launch a torp doctrine attack if the flag lacked radar, or if the R.Adm in charge of the TF had little post-1930 DD experience in his career.

Note. This does not mean that a detected IJN TF launching a night torp shot should always miss if detected prior to or during the torpedo run. Their hit rate (% of shots fired) in night shots at close range at alerted targets was about 6%. Tassafaronga was the exceptionally good IJN case, not the anecdote on which the model should be based. It is noteworthy primarily because the USN DDs clamored for permission to launch a torp-doctrine solution at optimal range but were denied permission by the TF commander (a CA admiral). As Arleigh Burke pointed out, the problem in 1942 was that USN DD commodores were not always given room to do what they already knew how to do when hampered by a gun-doctrine admiral operating from a CA.




ReDDoN45 -> (8/29/2002 2:00:47 AM)

A good fleet commander launches an effective torpedo attack, not only shoots torps on the projected intercept point (of torps and TF), he also shoots a good salvoe on a point where the enemy TF might evade to. Only fools shoot ALL their torps on the projected intercept point as itīs unlikely that a TF will continue moving there.

Moreover the usual line astern formation makes short range torpedo attacks very futile. Since ships stay in formation, you aim for the first one to get the torps on one of the following. This sometimes works rather good - i.e. Jap TF spots US TF on 6000 yards. Shoots some of its torps on projected intercept course and the rest on the current posit of the leading US ship and perhaps some on the current posit on one of the following ships. IF US TF detects them the make course change, it might well be caught insde some of those torp spreads. If it stays on course (didnīt detect IJN TF), they are still in danger.


BTW, there was also a Mk-18 mod. with much improved speed.
and Mk-15īs even, when hitting had a too high dud rate.... though this was improved throughout the war.

And of course - sometimes even US torpedo attacks were successful - as sometimes even Japanese Radar made the first contact ;)




ReDDoN45 -> (8/29/2002 2:05:49 AM)

and I think this leadership check idea isnīt that bad. There is still a difference between single ships fireing their torpedoes when they want and a well coordinated 30-45 torpedo spread fired by all ships of the TF. Regardless of the TF has been already detected, is the latter better.... like with gunfire - well coordinated fire by all turrets by fire control is better than each turret firing on itīs own. The same for single ship/all ship torpedo attacks.




mdiehl -> (8/29/2002 2:08:44 AM)

Standard USN doctrine was to fire half-torpedo salvoes at the initial solution and have the other half available for exigencies or to kill cripples. Not sure what the IJN doctrine was. I know they had a rapid and reasonably effective reload capability (something like 20-40 minutes reload time), so if they were using full salvoes they may have counted on the reload to do for them what the USN did by reserving a half salvo.

USN ships did not salvo by single ship. The USN DD skippers had basically the same torpedo doctrine as the Japanese, *when* they were allowed to employ it. So, you would not expect a CL-DD only USN TF to be hampered by the same kind of constraints as a DD commodore subordinate to a CA admiral. Thing is, I'm not certain to what exten one should generalize about USN CA admirals on the basis of two battles around the 'canal. (one Tassafaronga, a CO's personal Fubar, and the other, Savo Island, a general lack of readiness among the Allies).

I'm proposing that it's either moot (i.e. no situational negative mods for the USN) or that some research needs to be done to figure out which USN admirals were likely to let their DDs strike when the solution is good.




ReDDoN45 -> (8/29/2002 2:12:43 AM)

So- I meant some ships fire on intercept course - some on evasion possibilites - there are generally only 2 to fire at. Since this TF-"snake" needs some time to come around or maneuver.

The smaller the TF the harder to hit - of course ;) - not only because of the number of ships, aslo because it can maneuver faster and more unpredicatble.




mdiehl -> (8/29/2002 2:20:39 AM)

Ah. That was pretty much the idea in USN doctrine. Shots at predicted course and probable alternative courses as well. I think that was pretty much the doctrine of all the navies DD/CL group commodores. Certainly it was UK and Italian doctrine. I wonder about Germany though, largely out of ignorance about the German navy.




ReDDoN45 -> (8/29/2002 2:27:25 AM)

LOL with our bull.... torps we decided to throw them over board to make more room for Swastika flags and Führer-pictures.... and perhaps a ship launched mini V-2 :D




ReDDoN45 -> (8/29/2002 2:32:27 AM)

the problem with the current torpedo attackīs are that each ships fires them alone, rather than making a coordinated attack. So there should really be a check for ALL sides (USN, RN, IJN), whether they make a coordianted run. Of course the doctrine should aslo taken into account. US CA TFs donīt make that. A TF which got crossed by another i.e. the vertical part of the T also has almost no chance to make a coordinated torpedo attack - for obvious reasons.




mdiehl -> (8/29/2002 3:06:36 AM)

I'd give a US CA TF a somewhat lower probability of making that check. I'd still let the DDs (or in the IJN or UK case, any torp armed ship) fire en masse according to doctrine, but they'd (if the check failed) not necessarily benefit from any kind of surprise modifier. The way I figured it from the Warships1 study of Long Lance Doctrine and the USN 1942-1943 engagements, you get a daylight hit rate mean of 1 percent. No kiddin. At night a mean hit rate of about 6% if fired at a decent range. Double the hit rate to 12% if the target TF is unaware that the enemy is nearby ("surprised"), has a lousy tactical deployment (Allies at Savo, IJN at Empress Augusta Bay), or is led by a CA skipper whose disrespect for the idea of torpedo water gets him pickled despite all warnings to the contrary (USN at Tassafaronga).

LOL about the German Navy thing. I still can't figure out what a "Schnellboot" was supposed to be. Since I don't speak German, despite my surname, I'm sort of left in the Hollywood mode of interpretation. To me it means something like "Hurry up and put your shoes on!" Odd that the WW2 nation with the lead in sub doctrine would be "out in left field" with respect to surface ships. Maybe they were weighed down too heavily by the idea of surface ships as "convoy raiders."




ReDDoN45 -> (8/29/2002 3:52:26 AM)

Schnellboote were essentially PT-boats - nothing else! - We divided our resources in ship builing - ensuring that we have too less of both (warships or subs) when we really need them (U-Boats at the beginning of the war and warships all the time). Was never a good idea to build big ships anyhow (for Germany) since our lag behind the other nations war too gigantic. Though some 300 subs at the outset of the war......... would have made a difference. A Bismarck more or less didnīt !

subs would have made, if available in decent numbers and properly refined throuout the war, and of course, equipped with usable torpedoes - not these wooden swords, running circles, running deep, exploding too early, exploding never or exploding only on Hitlerīs direct order... or whatever.
Further developement was also too slow and too late.... well, I think we all know the story.
Would prefer 10 XXI subs to EVERY other warship (Essex, Iowa....)!




Nikademus -> (8/29/2002 4:59:31 AM)

My guess at the reletive infrequency of IJN advantage in early night battles despite having up to a 20+ exp point advantage for key ships are two fold.

The first has been well discussed already, the game does not seem to allow Torp salvoes to be the initial throw by either side giving gun-heavy US CA/L - DD forces a chance to get their licks in before the campaign's deadliest weapon has a chance to influence the battle.

The 2nd factor, not discussed as far as i've seen may stem from the presence of radar on many of the US ships. While the presence of these sets is not ahistorical, their effectiveness in the game may very well be.

Doctornal issues are probably not as relevent here as i dont believe the game truely factors them in other than to "roll" for suprise and certain positional advantages at the onset of the combat round.

With that all said, it should be acknowledged that even with their advantages in this area, its true that the IJN will not always come out on top, given the very chaotic nature of night engagements in general, and later in the conflict the US DD men proved that they were capable of fighting well at night when not saddled to the cruiser line. However given the exp and early doctornal advantages that the Japanese initially had they should have a better than even chance of acomplishing it, assuming the force ratio balances are not too skewed (and even there it could still go their way, such as the time when a IJN DD force badly handled a US CA TF at Tassafaronga




mdiehl -> (8/29/2002 5:28:41 AM)

[QUOTE]However given the exp and early doctornal advantages that the Japanese initially had they should have a better than even chance of acomplishing it,[/QUOTE]

This is just wrong history. The Japanese had no particular doctrinal advantage over USN torp-armed ships. What they had in a doctrinal sense was the addition of torps to their CAs. The result was that engagements between USN DD-CL commodores tended to work out favorably for the USN (*despite* the superiority of the Type 93 *because* of radar) in 1943. That USN DD and CL skippers were trained in this doctrine is apparent in any close inspection of any USN naval engagement at any time in 1942.

When USN CAs had the flag, however, there is one major engagement in which bad doctrine at the higher-up stopped the implementation of the right doctrine by his subordinates (who knew darned well what to do and how to do it). What the Japanese had at Tassafaronga is a USN CA admiral who obligingly dropped trou and said "bring it on" despite the rather pointed, leading suggestion from the DD commodore at the time that he ought to be allowed to shoot. Based on Tassafaronga, one *might* make a rule giving an IJN TF a slight doctrinal advantage over a USN combined CA-DD TF. I say *might* because there is no substantive evidence to suggest that another USN CA admiral would necessarily have made the same mistake.

What the Japanese have had since WW2, at least with respect to wargame design, is a bunch of folks who think Savo Island and Tassafaronga are the only battles that occurred in 1942 that mean anything for discussions of intrinsic capability.




ReDDoN45 -> (8/29/2002 5:36:41 AM)

every nation had quite similar doctrine for torpedo attacks - in this point there wasnīt much advantege/disavantege.

The Japs, just had the weapon best suited for this doctrine - and especially designed and build for it. Thatīs all about their "superior doctrine".




mdiehl -> (8/29/2002 5:59:09 AM)

Agreed. In 1942 it gave them a tactical edge in the Solomons, where ranges were typically rather short and USN radar often hazed out by islands. When you look at 1942 you have one classic USN torp doctrine success (Balikpapan, in January), two classic IJn successes (Savo Isl and Tassafaronga), and a whole bunch of confused engagements in which (miraculously, I guess, to some souls) USN gunfire seemed to come out on par with IJN torps. 1st Gcanal saw the USN trading 4 DDs and 2 CLs for a BB and 2 DDs. In displacement, that's a USN victory. 2d Gcanal another USN win and a particularly rotten night for the IJN trying to hit USN BBs at point n' shoot range (0 for 48 IIRC). At Badung Strait the IJN did nail Perth and Houston (footnote: both previously damaged and low on ammo), but only while sinking more of their own ships (measured in displacement, long tons, and raw numbers) and drowning several thousand of their own soldiers. Cape Esperence was inconclusive with respect to torp doctrine except that the USN guns hit their targets and the Japanese torps did not.

1943 is much clearer with respect to doctrine and night fighting abaility. The USN wins most of the fights by gunfire despite superior IJN torpedoes. There are three clear cut instances of torp doctrine victories -- all USN victories -- at Cape St. George, Vella Gulf, and Blackett Strait.

Which is *not* to say the IJN did not hit anything in 1943. Only that the balance generally favored the USN and the only obvious torp doctrine victories in 1943 were USN victories. Kolombongara, Kula Gulf, and Empress Augusta Bay saw lots of torps fired but not many torpedo hits.

Interested parties should visit the Orde of Battle pages at Warships1.com.




Nikademus -> (8/29/2002 6:46:44 AM)

[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]

This is just wrong history. The Japanese had no particular doctrinal advantage over USN torp-armed ships. What they had in a doctrinal sense was the addition of torps to their CAs. The result was that engagements between USN DD-CL commodores tended to work out favorably for the USN (*despite* the superiority of the Type 93 *because* of radar) in 1943. That USN DD and CL skippers were trained in this doctrine is apparent in any close inspection of any USN naval engagement at any time in 1942.

When USN CAs had the flag, however, there is one major engagement in which bad doctrine at the higher-up stopped the implementation of the right doctrine by his subordinates (who knew darned well what to do and how to do it). What the Japanese had at Tassafaronga is a USN CA admiral who obligingly dropped trou and said "bring it on" despite the rather pointed, leading suggestion from the DD commodore at the time that he ought to be allowed to shoot. Based on Tassafaronga, one *might* make a rule giving an IJN TF a slight doctrinal advantage over a USN combined CA-DD TF. I say *might* because there is no substantive evidence to suggest that another USN CA admiral would necessarily have made the same mistake.

What the Japanese have had since WW2, at least with respect to wargame design, is a bunch of folks who think Savo Island and Tassafaronga are the only battles that occurred in 1942 that mean anything for discussions of intrinsic capability. [/B][/QUOTE]


I'm not interested in your disparagements of other people who have some knowledge of this area of the war. I'm well aware that Savo and Tassafaronga are only two of multiple battles conducted in the Solomons. I'm also aware that before improvements in overall US "doctorine", training, radar and the implementation of radar, coupled with a general degradation in IJN efficiency due to lack of rotational opportunities the Japanese won more night engagements then they lost. The fact that they lost a few only proves what most everybody knows....that the Japanese wern't invincible and that night battles throw in variables that can skew the "odds" and give victory to the other side. No-one ever said the USN couldn't fight at night, but the Japanese embraced night tactics more firmly then the US did initially for the simple reason that they knew they would need to better the odds between themselves and the numerically superior US battlefleet before the "Jutland-ish" engagement most felt would happen prewar (ala "Orange")

Hence the emphasis on developing better torpedoes and the tactics and *training* to utilize said tactics

When i refered to "Doctorine" i was not discussing what tactics USN destroyermen might have theorized or even practiced before the war.....but the actual battle plan and tactics that were implemented during the fighting, which is all that really matters. I agree once the errors were pinpointed and the destroyermen "unleashed", they did correspondingly better and actually started hitting things rather than presenting themselves as targets.




Drongo -> (8/29/2002 6:04:30 PM)

Posted by mdiehl
[QUOTE]What the Japanese have had since WW2, at least with respect to wargame design, is a bunch of folks who think Savo Island and Tassafaronga are the only battles that occurred in 1942 that mean anything for discussions of intrinsic capability.[/QUOTE]

Mate,

You have pointed out in several threads that you believe that games covering the WWII Pacific tend to incorrectly model the real US capabilities while overstating the Japanese. If that really was the case, I can't see how UV can be included in that group when discussing the capabilities of the 2 navies for night naval combat.

This thread centered around the question of why the IJN in UV seem incapable of repeating their outstanding night success at Savo and Tassafaronga. No one has suggested that the IJN should achieve this regularly, simply that they should have a chance of such a result early in the game (ie till late '42) when the night capabilities of the two sides were at their most diverse (experience, radar quality/use and command/control).

The discussion also centered on the use of multi ship torpedo salvos being launched by the IJN early (or initially) in a surface combat (if conditions were favourable) as being a way of giving the IJN the chance for a major victory. IMO, there is an entirely realistic possibility that this could happen. Early, multi ship launches did happen in 3 of the 5 naval actions in the '42 period covered by UV.

In case you're wondering, I'm including 2nd Guadalcanal in the 3 (you know the other 2) because the IJN light forces successfully coordinated the tracking and ambush of the USN force despite having 3 distinctly seperate groups. They delivered a combined gun/torp attack which put paid to the USN DD's for little loss and then were able to get a 38 strong torpedo slavo at the South Dakota (without her knowing it). The salvo missed (as it could in UV) but this first phase of the battle is indicative of the potential of the IJN to deliver multi ship torpedo salvos when the opportunity arose.

By introducing the [U]chance[/U] of an initial or early multi ship torpedo launch, UV would better model the "doctrine" (intent) of the IJN as well as giving the IJN a [U]chance[/U] of achieving a Savo or Tassafaronga. By tieing it to an experience check, you also give the USN the ability to have the same opportunity later as they gain experience.

I see no real reason to give it to them earlier as, except for pickets, the USN kept their destroyers close to the gunline during the combat in the first 4 battles (all different leaders). In the fifth and final Solomon's surface battle (Tassafaronga) for '42, the only attempt to learn from the hard lessons of the earlier battles was carried out half heartedly (some DD's were released to launch a torpedo attack but the USN CA/CL's gunnery began before the torpedoes were half way to their target).

By late '42, the importance of giving experienced, radar equiped USN destroyer squadrons free reign to attempt to close with an enemy at night and launch torpedoes prior to engaging the enemy with guns, had been accepted. It did, however, take the experience of 5 battles to drive that home to the USN.




John Carney -> (8/29/2002 7:01:32 PM)

I agree with Drongo, the chance for IJN to have his torp attack prior to the gun battle would be historical. Not always. (The VG Pac War does this by surprise, which is effected by the initiative of the game and the USN radar. Early in the war 42, I have gotten 2-6 of these attacks in 1942, which have resulted in sinking many destroyers 2 CA and severely damaging a BB in an attack to only getting 17% damage (one critical hit) on a BB prior to getting hit by the USN guns.) The hit level should be 2-10 % for surprise using the Long Lance Torpedoes. Giving a chance to repeat one of those devastating night fights. But as the war went on and the USN improved radar and fire control, the intiative and surprise shifts to USN, so that late war the USN will often hold the intiative (getting their hits in first) while IJN almost never got the advantage in a late war battle. (0.5% after USN improved radar and US intiative + in VG Pac War). Sorry for the constant reference to VG Pac War, but it is the only grand strategy game I play that uses this detail.




Ron Saueracker -> (8/29/2002 7:04:02 PM)

Good thread guys.




Ron Saueracker -> (8/29/2002 7:12:01 PM)

[QUOTE]Originally posted by mdiehl
[B]So, you would not expect a CL-DD only USN TF to be hampered by the same kind of constraints as a DD commodore subordinate to a CA admiral. Thing is, I'm not certain to what exten one should generalize about USN CA admirals on the basis of two battles around the 'canal. (one Tassafaronga, a CO's personal Fubar, and the other, Savo Island, a general lack of readiness among the Allies).
[/B][/QUOTE]

US CLs were used like CAs, as part of the gunline. They were never used as leaders during the war as most were simply 6" gunned versions of CAs of the same relative displacement.

USN DDs were pretty much "tied" to a cruiser force, being split fore and aft of the "heavies". As such, their ability to perform torpedo attacks were hindered.




Drongo -> (8/29/2002 9:39:09 PM)

Posted by Ronnie boy
[QUOTE]US CLs were used like CAs, as part of the gunline. They were never used as leaders during the war as most were simply 6" gunned versions of CAs of the same relative displacement. [/QUOTE]

That was my understanding too. I don't think you'd want to risk 10,000 ton ships just to help your DD's defeat their DD's (certainly not at night). The Japanese CL's were far better suited for the role due to their speed, manueverability and size. I think the only USN ships designed to be destroyer leaders were the Porter/Somers class.




mdiehl -> (8/29/2002 10:00:11 PM)

[QUOTE]the Japanese won more night engagements then they lost[/QUOTE]

Nikademus: Prove it. Please specify standards by which one evaluates who "won." Typically I count tonnage in the quick and dirty, but a multiple-variable approach would also count total number of warships, damage (I think one could use casualties as a proxy for this, one could also use "days in the yard" or possibly even "reams of bureaucratic paperwork") and whether or not the deployed forces achieved their tactical objectives. (We can leave out the "strategic victory" conditions for puroposes of simplification).

You also overlooked or missed my point. The guys who knew torpedo doctrine tended to be the guys whose ships had torpedoes. One would expect a DD commodore operating alone to do better than a DD commodore subordinate to a CA Admiral in the USN in 1942. (This is basically the same point made by Sauercracker in his last post, and Drongo also, about what happened to USN DDs in 1942 when they're subordinate to some CA admirals).

Here's the Real Issue (IMO):

Since UV is a wargame with ahistorical flexibility (which is *fine*) one can easily imagine that the USN player might send a CL+DD TF for some of the various skirmishes in 1942 rather than a CA+CL+DD TF. (Just as the IJN player can choose which ships to send where and so forth). *In that event*, one would not as a feature of game design presume that the USN Desron or DD+CL TF would necessarily be any less likely to launch a torp doctrine attack than the IJN. That the DD desrons were trained in this is beyond dispute -- it was used in January 1942 at Balikpapan and USN DD skippers looked for oppotunities to fight in this manner from the start. The problem seems, to me anyhow, to have occurred when DD commodores were attached to CA admirals who would not let them do what they'd been trained to do.

So, if the Allied player decides, in his capacity as ubermind, to send a USN desron sans heavies up the slot, he risks running into much heavier opposition (IJN CAs) but he might accept that risk in return for a greater probability of launching a doctrinaire torpedo attack that *might* work out swimmingly for the USN. He'd ahve to do what real people do: evaluate the objective, commit forces accordingly.

Drongo:

[QUOTE]If that really was the case, I can't see how UV can be included in that group when discussing the capabilities of the 2 navies for night naval combat. [/QUOTE]

I'm not wacking UV on that one. I'm wacking the proposed solution. A systemic advantage to the IJN seems to me to gloss over the real causes of the IJN victories and their defeats as well in 1942. It may be that UV needs a "Tassafaronga" engine. I'm not sure what the solution would be. In 1942 you could, with decent anecdotal supporting evidence, argue for a greater likelihood of surprise when the two navies clash in and around uplift island chains -- the early radar was certainly hinky enough in the slot. I think the long term solution for games like WitP (which will allegedly use major parts of the UV combat code) is to get really complicated with the "radar exp" "night exp" "asw exp" "smoke exp," "starshell exp," "rotary bugsmasher observation floatplane exp," etc, or else to assume that at the ship level it all "comes out in the wash," and instead model it at the admiral level.

John Carney. I agree that the VG product is a great game. IIRC the initiative DRM is an optional rule. I prefer not to use it in large part because I don't know what the game design means by "initiative," and because what I usually think of as "initiative" should be determined by the players, not by a rule.

By the way. As the resident curmudgeon I'm sure I'll shock everyone when I say that the LL (or any other torpedo) ought to have a hit rate much closer to 12% in night combat when the target is surprised, rather than the 2-12% range seen in VG PacWar.




TIMJOT -> (8/30/2002 6:08:48 AM)

Mdeihl,

First US CLs didnt carry torps. and did not operate or train with Desrons as a formal entity. Any groupings as such were simply adhoc taskgroups thrown together for specific operations. IJN DesFlots on the other hand with CLs (carrying torps) acting as Flottilla leaders were formal entities that trained and fought together as independent combat forces.

This is a reflection on the two differing doctorines. The IJN saw the torp as a primary weapon. A weapon on equal standing with gunnery. Hence reason behind equiping all CAs, CLs and DDs with large numbers of torps. In the IJN the DD was first and foremost as an *offensive* weapon. Its priimary mission was to deliver torp attacks *Period*. A mission that dictated every aspect of their training and design.

The USN however saw the surface launched torp as a secondary weapon. Subordinate to gunnery. Torps were taken off USN CAs and CLs because they were deemed to be ineffective at ranges where the USN envisioned cruisers would be exchanging gunfire in daylight surface actions. Destroyers were seen first and foremost as a *defensive* weapon. In this vain the USN saw in the destroyer a multi-purpose work horse. Designed equally for scouting, screening, escorting, and ASW. The deveopement of torpedo doctorine being just one of many aspects of their mission, suffered accordingly.

The fact is USN torp doctorine was flawed becuase USN DD doctorine tied DDs to the Battleline. You have to go all the way to July 15 1943 at the Battle a Vella Gulf to find an instance were US DDs took independent action against a Japanese surface force.

Balikapan can be discounted, becuase it was a Destroyer force only, by default. The two CLs that made up part of the TF were incapacitated on the way. Secondly the DDs attacked defenceless stationary targets.

P.S.

By the way, The Battle of Kolombagara was a USN defeat in every respect.




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