herwin -> Deep Battle (9/26/2011 4:45:13 PM)
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My exposure to this subject was initially via the Scotts, and later some discussions with Simpkin. The Scotts made the point that to understand Soviet Military Doctrine, one had to understand Marxism. Simpkin wasn't quite as doctrinaire, but he did emphasise the role of tempo in mobile battle. All this was at least a decade before Glantz, et al., and limited by the availability of primary sources at that time. The influence of the Scotts on the game is seen in the 1-1 becomes 2-1 rule, which was the right way to go, but a bit ham-handed in its mechanism. What was actually going on was the substitution of mass for combat skill and cohesion, and the creation of specialist units at all levels, instead of combat teams. Note these factors interact non-linearly, so the combat model in the game has difficulty handling them. The mission of the shock army was to break through the depth of the German defence more rapidly that the Germans could react, reinforce, and counter-attack. Once the tank-infantry force had penetrated the defence, the tank army was released to penetrate as rapidly as possible into the depth of the German position--Triandafillov and Tukhachevsky's deep battle doctrine. Red Army force designators were based on combat power taking into account tempo, so a tank army was basically a Western/German armoured/panzer corps. In game terms, these units moved faster than their opponents could project zones of control. None of this treacle we see in the game. To block them, the Germans had to deploy mobile units or hold urban zones. To release them, the Red Army learned it needed to use mass, but the goal was always to transition to a deep battle. During the Cold War, the Soviets continued to plan as if WWIII would be WWII, but with a difference--chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons would be deployed from the beginning and would function in the same way as shock armies in WWII, so that the deep battle would start immediately. They also had developed units with an order of magnitude more mobility than tanks--designating two echelons above their actual size--whose role was to move out even faster.
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