Zaslon
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quote:
ORIGINAL: Broncepulido
US material was not possible to use in Spanish Sahara against Morocco, because US political weapon exports issues.
Also were employed, in previous disputes, very peculiar platforms, as CASA He-2111 and diverse variants of Buchon (Me-109 airframe with Merlin and other engines). Only AMX-30, no M-47 or M-48 were deployed in Sahara.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASA_2.111
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112
There are a lot of confussion about that. Some people still think that EF-18 (F/A-18A+ bought in FACA program 1983-1990) have use restrictions and its completely false.
Spain obtained US military equipment from the US-Spanish Agreements and from France. First US-Spanish agreement was signed in 1953. A High percent of the US military equipment provided during 1953 agreement was transferred, so the equipment transferred by USA had use restrictions.... But also in Ifni's War, Spain used US Military equipment bought directly from USA and also bought from France (M3A1, M-8, M-24, S-55, Hu.16 Albatross...) without any use restriction.
Later agreements, signed in 1963, 1970, 1976, 1982 and 1988 shown a constant decrease in Equipment transference (spanish economic boom was in the 60s).
There two interesting examples. First of all is the case of the T-6D (armed).
70 T-6D and 70 T-6G were transferred from USAF to Spain under 1953 agreement. These aircrafts cannot be armed, only can be used as a Trainers or non offensive actions.
But, as you can see in one of the pictures I posted, in 1957 (inmediately after Ifni's War), Spain started to modify a T-6D to carry weapons. The Prototype used was 1 of the 70 T-6D tranferred, but only for tests. When the conversion was feasible, Spain bought 70 T-6D (and Navy versions) from Private companies. The last batch of 11 aircrafts was provided by Armeè de l'Air in 1965 without any restriction.
Second interesting example is the case of the 21 TF/F-104C Starfighters. 18 F-104G Starfighters and 2 TF-104G were transferred from USAF in 1965 under MAP (1963 Agreement). Spanish Air Force requested an additional Two-Seat Starfighter but it was denied by USA, so Spain bought a TF-104G directly from Lockheed. In 1972 these aircrafts returned to his propietary, USAF, and they sent some to Turkey and others to Jordania with the exception of the TF-104G bought directly from Lockheed.
M-48A1, SF-5A/B, AH-1G, UH-1H, C-130H and M-109 and more equipment also were bought by Spain and not transferred, so they have not any use restriction and it was used in Spanish Sahara in 1974-1975.
Dont worry I am doing an extensive reseach of the Orbat, so at least, the Spanish order of battle will be accurate. About the Moroccan OrBat I am still searching.
M-48A1 from RIAC nº61 in Spanish Sahara:
M-109 155/23 of GACA XII (DAC) were also deployed in Sahara:
With M-548 supporting M-109s
Paul, I will add later some info about T-6D (Armed) range and other request (Ha.200D, Ha.220, M-109...).
< Message edited by Zaslon -- 5/10/2017 11:02:37 AM >
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