Don Bowen
Posts: 8183
Joined: 7/13/2000 From: Georgetown, Texas, USA Status: offline
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The desired weaponry of a Marine Defense Battalion was army 155mm CD and 90mm AA guns. But both these types were in short supply, but various Naval weapons were available. For CD guns, there were numbers of old 5in/51, mostly previous installed in casemates on battleships and removed during refits. So the Marines produced several separate TOEs for Defense Battalions. TOE numbers in the range 133-155 were used for Defense Battalions. I have three, all dated 27 February, 1941. I wish I had them all. D-155-A: Eight 155mm CD Guns Twelve 90mm AA Guns Twelve 37mm AA Guns Twelve 20mm AA/AT guns Sixteen 50Cal AAMG Thirty 30Cal MG To the best of my knowledge no Defense Battalion was ever fielded with this armament. By the time 155mm and 90mm guns were available, the 37mm were replaced by 40mm and the numbers of AA weapons rearranged. D-155-B: I have never been able to find a TOE under this designation, but I assume it is for a Defense Battalion variation. Based on the TOE of the other variations that I have, this is probably the one in general usage at the end of 1941. If anyone has any additional data, I'd be very happy to see it! D-155-C: Eight 155mm CD Guns Twelve 90mm AA Guns (3inch M3 substitutes if 90mm not available) Thirty 50Cal AAMG Thirty 30Cal MG D-155-D: Six 7inch/45 CD Guns (substitute 5"/51 is 7" not available) Twelve 90mm AA Guns (3inch M3 substitutes if 90mm not available) Sixteen 50Cal AAMG Thirty 30Cal MG The ultimate TOE of a Defense Battalion was: Eight 155mm cD Guns Sixteen 90mm AA Guns Sixteen 40mm AA Guns (one source says six but I think this is a typo) Sixteen 20mm AA Guns Sixteen 50Cal AA Guns (later in the war, as 4-gun mounts) Thirty 30Cal MGs (reduced as the war went on and the threat of amphibious assault waned) The standard MDB at the end of 1941 had: Six 5"/51 CD Guns Twelve M3 3" AA Guns Twenty Four 50Cal AAMG Thirty 30Cal MG There is another known TOE: Six 5"/51 CD Guns Twelve M3 3" AA Guns Twenty-Four 50Cal AAMG Twenty-Four 30Cal MG At some time prior to this, the numbers of MG were larger: Six 5"/51 CD Guns Twelve M3 3" AA Guns Forty Eight 50Cal AAMG Forty Eight 30Cal MG All Defense Battalions were designed to be split or reinforced as required. TOEs existed for reinforceing light infantry companies, slightly enlarged light tank platoons (6 tanks), and additional CD guns (both 6" and 7", along with 5"/51). Each installation could be tailored as need and especially to space and supply constraints. The six CD guns of an early Defense Battalion, for example, were organized into three firing batteries of two guns each and a minimal HQ Battery of less than a dozen clerks and supply types. The senior Commanding Officer of a firing battery doubled as Coast Defense Battery Commander, the next senior as XO, etc. What would be the HQ Battery staff was mostly split up between the firing batteries. If the CD Battery was concentrated at a single location, like Wake, the HQ battery would be formed from the component parts. If the firing batteries were dispersed (like Johnston and Palmyra) the HQ detachment remained at a rear base (Pearl) and oversaw the deliveries of supplies and replacements. Note that the term "Battery" is overloaded. The Defense Battalion consisted of a CD Gun Battery, AA Gun Battery, Light AA Battery (AAMG), Beach Defense Battery (30Cal), Searchlight Battery, and HQ Battery. The CD "Battery" was organized like a battalion, with it's component units designated as batteries. Thus the CD Battery included three firing batteries and an HQ Battery.
< Message edited by Don Bowen -- 1/4/2008 1:30:01 AM >
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